GS Lecture 6

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Across
  1. 6. The time at which a country becomes a nuclear power has to do with their scientific _.
  2. 11. NATO Nuclear Deterrence Timeline: (1968) MC 14/3; _ (and 1969-end of Cold War: How to implement _).
  3. 14. Suggests that proliferation of nuclear weapons will eliminate war, not cause it (Waltz).
  4. 17. A nuclear crisis between India and _ that occurred between 1999 and 2019.
  5. 18. Became a nuclear power in 1964
  6. 19. Type _: Peripheral conflict (Korea, Vietnam).
  7. 21. Type _: Extended deterrence challenge (NATO vs. Warsaw Pact).
  8. 22. Strategies that "seek to deter an action by making it infeasible or unlikely to succeed, thus denying a potential aggressor by confidence in attaining its objectives - deploying sufficient local military forces to defeat an invasino, for example.
  9. 23. There are many different _ of deterrence, such as: Active deterrence, Chemical deterrence, Decentralised deterrence, General deterrence, Immediate deterrence.
  10. 26. NATO Nuclear Deterrence Timeline: (1970s) NATO nuclear warheads in Western Europe reach maximum of _ thousand.
  11. 27. Nuclear attack option (1/4), as part of the OPLAN 8010-08.
  12. 31. Nuclear attack option (4/4), as part of the OPLAN 8010-08: Directed/_ Planning Capability Options.
  13. 32. Became a nuclear power in 1945.
  14. 34. Trying to define a case of deterrence success is challenging for political scientists due to the problem of explaining a _.
  15. 38. Using the threat of nuclear weapons without carrying it out creates an issue of _.
  16. 40. Became a nuclear power in 1952
  17. 41. Became a nuclear power in 1949.
  18. 42. _ Deterrence: when a country threatens retaliation in an attempt to protect its allies.
  19. 43. Became a nuclear power in 1960
  20. 44. NATO Nuclear Deterrence Timeline: (2020) "Basic Principles of State Policy of the _ on Nuclear Deterrence."
  21. 45. _ Deterrence: Conveys a somewhat vague, broad, continuous threat of retaliation for any future attack (e.g. NATO article 5)
  22. 46. NATO Nuclear Deterrence Timeline: (1957) MC 14/2; massive _ with caveats.
  23. 47. NATO Nuclear Deterrence Timeline: (1991 - present): Focus on warhead and _ capability modernisation.
  24. 48. Became a nuclear power in 1988
Down
  1. 1. An idea associated with the foreign policy of U.S. president Richard Nixon and his administration, who tried to make the leaders of hostile communist bloc countries think Nixon was irrational and volatile so that they would avoid provoking the U.S. in fear of an unpredictable response.
  2. 2. Adam and Eve can be seen as the first deterrence _, by God.
  3. 3. "What was gunpowder? Trivial. What was electricity? Meaningless. This Atomic Bomb is the Second Coming in _" (Churchill, 1945).
  4. 4. NATO Nuclear Deterrence Timeline: (1955) _ joins NATO, US atomic weapons in _.
  5. 5. Became a nuclear power in 2006
  6. 7. NATO Nuclear Deterrence Timeline: (1991 - present): No clear articulation of NATO nuclear _.
  7. 8. A 1969 U.S. strategic war-fighting outline for the use of nuclear weapons that contains the specifics of targeting orders, scheduling, and needed weapons.
  8. 9. Nuclear attack option (3/4), as part of the OPLAN 8010-08.
  9. 10. "The persuasion of one's opponent that the costs and/or risks of a given course of action he might take outweigh its benefits" OR "The prevention of action by the existence of a credible threat of unacceptable counteraction and/or belief that the cost of action outweighs its perceived benefits."
  10. 12. There are no longer _ options in the strategic war plan.
  11. 13. Became a nuclear power in 1974
  12. 15. Nuclear attack option (2/4), as part of the OPLAN 8010-08.
  13. 16. NATO Nuclear Deterrence Timeline: (1949) use all weapons against overwhelming Soviet conventional superiority.
  14. 20. Type _: Direct attack (US vs USSR).
  15. 24. _ Deterrence: Threatening retaliation when an attack looms, or has already occurred and the victim wants to deter its continuation.
  16. 25. The estimated number of global nuclear warhead inventories has _ [increased/decreased] in the last decade.
  17. 28. "Threats to impose costs through retaliation that mau be unrelated to the aggression itself. Rather than focusing on the denial of local objsectives, it seeks to raise the cost of aggression - even if successful - by threatening other consequences."
  18. 29. NATO Nuclear Deterrence Timeline: (1991 - present): NATO nuclear policy in _ despite 2014/2022.
  19. 30. NATO Nuclear Deterrence Timeline: (1953) "_".
  20. 33. NATO Nuclear Deterrence Timeline: (1962) _, and the Cuban Missile Crisis.
  21. 34. Nuclear submarines + ICBMs + Strategic bombers = _?
  22. 35. _ Deterrence: when a country threatens retaliation in an attempt to protect itself.
  23. 36. One reason why nuclear weapons have not been used.
  24. 37. NATO Nuclear Deterrence Timeline: (1952) 96 NATO divisions ready in 90 days by 1954 (actual peacetime total in 1954: 16).
  25. 39. NATO Nuclear Deterrence Timeline: (1954) MC48; tactical atomic use to "prevent rapid _."