Vocabulary for CHapter 8

3. The heat content of a system at constant pressure
4. Work The pumping of substances across membranes against the direction of spontaneous movement
10. Kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules
14. Energy Energy can be associated with the relative motion of objects
15. Reaction "Energy Outward" Proceeds with a net release of free energy
16. Pathway Begins with a specific molecule, which is then altered in a series of defined steps, resulting in a certain product.
18. All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
21. The study of how energy flows through living organisms

1. Energy The potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction
2. Energy Energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure
5. A process that can occur without an input of energy
6. Pathways (build) Consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones; they are sometimes biosynthetic pathways
7. Work The pushing of endergonic reactions that would not occur spontaneously, such as the synthesis of polymers from monomers
8. The study of the energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter
9. Reaction "Energy Inward" One that absorbs free energy from it's surroundings
11. Work Such as the beating of cilia, the contraction of muscle cells, and the movement of chromosomes during cellular reproduction
12. Law of Thermodynamics Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe
13. Pathways (breakdown) Release energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds
17. A measure of disorder or randomness
19. Energy The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system, as in a living cell
20. Law of Thermodynamics The energy of the universe is constant: Energy can be transferred, but it cannot be created or destroyed