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Across

3. Pest management using a variety of techniques, agricultural, biological and use of minimal amount of pesticides when necessary
5. The process of cutting down all the trees in an area at once
7. a specialized branch of aquaculture involving the cultivation of marine organisms for food and other products in the open ocean, an enclosed section of the ocean, or in tanks, ponds or raceways which are filled with seawater
9. The cultivation of seafood and/or aquatic plants under controlled conditions (aquatic farming)
10. refers to the fraction of soil organic matter that is amorphous and without the "cellular structure characteristic of plants, micro-organisms or animals."
13. creating flat platforms (almost like steps) in the hillside that provide a level planting surface, which reduces soil runoff from the slope.
15. Agricultural revolution that increased production through improved seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation
17. the upper, outermost layer of soil, It has the highest concentration of organic matter and microorganisms and is where most of the Earth's biological soil activity occurs.
18. The restoration (replanting) of a forest that had been reduced by fire or cutting
20. the unplanned and uncontrolled spreading of cities into surrounding regions
23. a fertile soil of clay and sand containing humus.
34. The turning-over or "mixing up" of soil before planting.
35. saturation of soil with irrigation water or excessive precipitation so that there is less porous space available/oxygen cannot move around/plants essentially drown
36. the removal of select trees in an area; this leaves the majority of the habitat in place and has less of an impact on the ecosystem
37. a specific type of large-scale industrial agricultural facility that raises animals, usually at. high-density, for the consumption of meat, eggs, or milk
41. Accumulation of salts in soil that can eventually make the soil unable to support plant growth.
42. insufficient intake of energy and nutrients to meet an individual's needs to maintain good health
43. Water that comes from city streets and drainage channels, it is often very polluted.
45. Part of the water cycle where an excess of water runs down and does not sink into the soil and eventually makes it to the rivers, lakes, and oceans.
46. the loss of water-soluble plant nutrients from the soil, due to rain and irrigation.
47. chemicals used to control insects by killing them or preventing them from engaging in undesirable or destructive behaviors.
48. new water that enters an aquifer from the surface
49. Rows of large trees or bushes planted between fields to help block the wind and prevent soil erosion.

Down

1. a form of malnutrition in which the intake of nutrients is oversupplied
2. A body of rock or sediment that stores groundwater and allows the flow of groundwater
4. a farming technique in which trees are cut down and burned to clear and fertilize the land
6. a situation in which it becomes necessary for a farmer to continue using pesticides regularly because they have become an indispensable part of an agricultural cycle.
8. self-sufficiency farming in which the farmers focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their families.
9. when trees and crops are planted together, creating a mutualistic symbiotic relationship between them, stabilizing soil, etc.
11. water is pumped from a well into an apparatus that contains a series of spray nozzles that spray water across the field
12. a rock that contains a large enough concentration of a mineral making it profitable to mine
14. Growing the same crop on the same field year after year
16. A fire deliberately set under controlled conditions in order to reduce the accumulation of dead biomass on a forest floor
19. farmer digs trenches along the crop rows and fills them with water, which seeps into the ground and provides moisture to plant roots; easy and inexpensive; 65% efficient
21. a condition related to the supply of food, and individuals' access to it.
22. the surface where the water pressure head is equal to the atmospheric pressure (where gauge pressure = 0).
24. water is distributed over the soil surface by gravity; the most common form of irrigation and most inefficient; loses 40% of water
25. chemicals used to manipulate or control undesirable vegetation.
26. an organism that has acquired one or more genes artificially
27. a multiple cropping practice involving growing two or more crops in proximity.
28. the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture
29. confining animals to a small area for a short time before shifting them to a new location
30. suffering from malnutrition, It may involve calories, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins or minerals. Not enough nutrients
31. Destruction of vegetation caused by too many grazing animals consuming the plants in a particular area so they cannot recover
32. refers to any system that combines conventional aquaculture (raising aquatic animals such as snails, fish, crayfish or prawns in tanks) with hydroponics (cultivating plants in water) in a symbiotic environment.
33. Degradation of built and social environments of the city
38. a way of growing crops or pasture from year to year without disturbing the soil through tillage. No-till is an agricultural technique which increases the amount of water that infiltrates into the soil and increases organic matter retention and cycling of nutrients in the soil.
39. a measure of the lethal dose of a toxin, radiation, or pathogen. The value of LD50 for a substance is the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration.
40. a method of supplying irrigation water through tubes that literally drip water onto the soil at the base of each plant.
44. The process of supplying water to areas of land to make them suitable for growing crops.