History Crossword Puzzle

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Across
  1. 5. Members of Rome’s traditional hereditary upper class who originally controlled most political and religious offices.
  2. 6. An independent Greek city-state that included the city, surrounding land, government, religious institutions, and body of citizens.
  3. 8. The Roman ideal of proper behavior and identity, including discipline, courage, duty, piety, family loyalty, and service to the state.
  4. 10. Roman commoners who fought for greater political rights, written laws, and protection from patrician power.
  5. 12. Followers of Stoicism who emphasized reason, virtue, duty, self-control, and acceptance of events beyond one’s control.
  6. 13. A Roman emperor who reorganized the empire, created the Tetrarchy, expanded the bureaucracy and army, and made imperial rule more openly autocratic.
  7. 17. The title taken by Octavian, Rome’s first emperor, who ended civil wars and created the imperial system known as the Principate.
  8. 18. A Roman emperor who supported Christianity, called the Council of Nicaea, and established Constantinople as an imperial capital.
  9. 20. Tables, Rome’s first publicly written law code, created around 451–450 BCE.
  10. 22. A wedge-shaped writing system developed by the Sumerians and pressed into clay tablets. It was used to record taxes, trade, laws, religion, and literature.
  11. 24. the Great, The Macedonian ruler who conquered the Persian Empire and created a vast territory in which Greek culture spread and mixed with local cultures.
Down
  1. 1. League, An alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens after the Persian Wars that gradually became an Athenian empire.
  2. 2. An ancient Persian religion emphasizing moral choice, judgment, and a struggle between truth and falsehood or good and evil.
  3. 3. An influential Athenian statesman associated with democracy, public building projects, payment for public service, and Athenian imperial power.
  4. 4. of Hammurabi, A Babylonian collection of written laws dealing with property, family, trade, crime, and punishment.
  5. 7. A province of the Persian Empire governed by an official called a satrap.
  6. 9. A heavily armed Greek citizen soldier who fought in a close formation called a phalanx.
  7. 11. A Carthaginian general who crossed the Alps and invaded Italy during the Second Punic War.
  8. 14. the Great, The founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, known for allowing conquered peoples to retain many local customs, religions, and leaders.
  9. 15. An Egyptian pharaoh who promoted the worship of Aten and attempted to reduce the power of Egypt’s traditional gods and priesthoods.
  10. 16. familias, The oldest male head of a Roman household who held extensive legal authority over family members, property, dependents, and enslaved people.
  11. 19. Prophetic Movement, A tradition of Israelite prophets who criticized injustice and idolatry and urged the people to remain faithful to Yahweh.
  12. 21. Followers of Epicurus who believed happiness came from moderation, friendship, tranquility, and freedom from fear.
  13. 23. Romana, A long period of relative peace, political stability, trade, and prosperity in the Roman Empire, beginning under Augustus.