History Midterm

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Across
  1. 3. Act that prevented Chinese laborers from entering the country. However, if they had already established residenship, they could still enter.
  2. 6. (includes middle initial) Founder of Standard Oil Company, used horizontal consolidation. Philanthropist who helped found a foundation under his name and the University of Chicago.
  3. 7. Unofficial agreement with Roosevelt and the Japanese government. Allowed Asian students to enter same schools as white students in California. However, Japan could got issue passports to laborors.
  4. 8. He believed that African Americans should accept discrimination and work on elevating themselves through hard work and wealth, gaining the respect of White society (this created a "conservative" wing of African Americans)
  5. 14. Political system. Under this, elected officials appointed friends and supporters to government jobs, regardless of qualifications.
  6. 16. Name of riot.abor-related protest in Chicago calling for an 8 hour workday which ended in deadly violence between strikers and police. led to public disapproval of unions such as the Knights of Labor
  7. 17. Battle that fought for the gold in the Black Hills.
  8. 22. He wrote about the conditions in tenements and inspired NYC to be the first city in US to have housing requirements.
  9. 23. Allowed US citizens to buy land in West for low prices
  10. 25. President during the Credit Mobilier Scandal and the Whisky Ring.
  11. 26. First supported spoils system but after being elected he didn't. Passed Pendleton Act
  12. 27. A process that made it easier and cheaper to produce steel
  13. 29. She gave rise to a new style of investigative journalism. She wrote about Standard Oil Company corruption.
  14. 32. These laws required accurate labeling of ingredients, strict sanitary conditions, and a rating system for meats. Because of The Jungle.
  15. 36. He wrote about conditions in the meatpacking industry. Government passed food regulation acts because of him.
  16. 37. Massacre in Colorado that was responsible for the Cheyenne moving back to reservations
  17. 39. A political machine that used various illegal methods to plunder the New York city Treasury. Headed by "Boss" Tweed
  18. 40. Site of a major garment factory fire. This event helped to unite labor unions and politicians to get the government involved in workplace regulation
  19. 41. Name of act that divided reservation land into 160 acre individual plots.
  20. 42. (founder of the NAACP) believed that trying to gain respect of white society and accepting discrimination was harmful and that instead they should develop a team of college-educated African Americans to lead to movement against racial justice (the "radical" wing)
  21. 43. Buying up all the steps needed to produce product. Drove smaller companies out of business because they couldn't compete with lower prices that this produced.
  22. 44. Act which required promotions to be given on achievement. They had to pass a civil service exam to prove they were qualified for role.
  23. 45. Name of case. In 1896, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation laws were not unconstitutional under "separate but equal" ideology and said that the equal protection clause only applied to political and civil rights, not social rights.
Down
  1. 1. Name of grant that set aside money for agricultural colleges in the west.
  2. 2. Colonel who was responsible for Sand Creek Massacre in 1864
  3. 4. Founded a Steel Company (named after hiimself) in 1892 using the Bessemer process. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry. He donated most of his fortune to providing education across the country. He was a large proponent of Social Darwinism and also was criticized for poor labor practices in his factories
  4. 5. Attempted to reform spoils system by passing a law that prevented government officials from managing political parties.
  5. 9. Responsible for developing a new way of making steel (partly, somebody else also did it but independently).
  6. 10. Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs.
  7. 11. A term to describe powerful industrialists who established large business in late 1800s. Implies that they stole from the poor (plural).
  8. 12. unofficial city organization designed to keep a particular party or group in power and usually headed by a single powerful "boss"
  9. 13. Opposed muckrakers at first but passed the Pure Food and Drug act. Created a new labor department, new constitutional amends, protected the environment, regulated railroads, was antitrust.
  10. 15. She wrote about lynching. Lynching ended up being a major problem that the NAACP tried to solve.
  11. 18. Laws that enforced segregation and discrimination, limiting African American's rights to vote and work, as well as segregating public schools, transportation, swimming pools, and other facilities
  12. 19. law passed in reaction to the Standard Oil Company Trust banning any trust that restrained interstate trade or commerce. Was ineffective against trusts for nearly 15 years because pro business courts generally didn't rule against the trusts. Was brought back into use in the Progressive Era
  13. 20. A term to describe powerful industrialists who established large business in late 1800s. Implies that they served their nation in a good way.
  14. 21. Name of railroad that spread from the east coast to the west.
  15. 24. Name of a strike The inventor of a luxury sleeping railway car, created a "company town" for his workers to live in. He cut wages but refused to lower rents in the "company town", Eugene Debs had American Railway Union refuse to use those cars in support of the strike, disrupting railroad traffic. Ended in a court order forbidding this union activity, setting a trend for court orders against unions.
  16. 28. Soldiers went to stop the Ghost Dance, murdered Sitting Bull, last major episode of violence in Indian Wars
  17. 30. A railroad owner who built a railway connecting Chicago and New York. He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad, which made railroads safer and more economical.
  18. 31. A highly successful banker who bought out Carnegie Steel. With Carnegie's holdings and some others, he launched U.S Steel and made it the first billion dollar corporation.
  19. 33. Group that fought against issues like lynching and segregation and continues to fight for racial justice
  20. 34. Name of school in Pennsylvania where forced assmilation happened.
  21. 35. Name of strike. steelworker strike near Pittsburgh against wage cuts at the Carnegie Steel Company. Ten workers were killed in a riot by the Pinkertons, a private police force known for breaking strikes. The union called off the strike
  22. 38. She founded the Hull house in Chicago, which was a social settlment that benefited the poor.