History of English

5. The 5th-century invaders (Angles, Saxons, and Jutes) whose migration introduced the core roots of English.
7. English merchant who introduced the movable-type printing press to England in 1476, starting the process of standardizing English spelling.
8. The era of English from 1500–1700 AD, marked by the Great Vowel Shift, the printing press, and a revival of classical learning.
10. Romance language that dominated the English court and legal system after 1066, contributing thousands of administrative and artistic words.
11. Ancient Mediterranean language that provided English with scientific, mathematical, and philosophical roots like tele- and micro-.
14. The 1066 event where William of Normandy took the English throne, establishing French as the language of the ruling class for centuries.

1. Monumental 1611 English translation of the Bible commissioned by royalty, which deeply ingrained hundreds of idioms directly into everyday English speech.
2. The linguistic era spanning 1100–1500 AD, triggered by a massive influx of French vocabulary following the Norman Conquest.
3. Middle English literary master whose Canterbury Tales helped establish the London dialect as the standard prestige form of written English.
4. The North Germanic language spoken by Viking invaders that contributed core words like they, sky, get, and give.
6. The earliest period of the English language, lasting from 450–1100 AD, birthed by the arrival of Germanic tribes.
9. Major 15th–17th century phonological shift that permanently changed how long vowels were pronounced, creating many of modern English's spelling quirks.
12. Classical language of ancient Rome that infused English with academic, religious, and legal vocabulary across multiple centuries.
13. South Asian language that entered English via the British Raj, providing words like bungalow, pyjamas, and shampoo.