History of Philosophy

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  1. 3. Descartes: French philosopher and mathematician famous for his statement "Cogito, ergo sum" ("I think, therefore I am") and his foundational role in the development of modern philosophy.
  2. 4. Pre-Socratic philosopher who argued for the existence of a single, unchanging reality, asserting that "what is, is, and what is not, cannot be."
  3. 8. Greek philosopher often considered the first Western philosopher, known for proposing that water is the fundamental substance of the universe.
  4. 10. Greek philosopher and polymath, student of Plato, who made significant contributions to logic, metaphysics, ethics, politics, and more.
  5. 13. Gautama: Also known as the Buddha, founder of Buddhism, who taught the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path as a means to achieve enlightenment and liberation from suffering.
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  1. 1. Chinese philosopher and educator whose teachings emphasized morality, family values, and social harmony, influencing Chinese culture for centuries.
  2. 2. Classical Greek philosopher known for his Socratic method, which involved asking probing questions to stimulate critical thinking and self-discovery.
  3. 4. Disciple of Socrates and author of numerous philosophical dialogues, including "The Republic" and "The Symposium," in which he explores ideas about justice, the forms, and the nature of reality.
  4. 5. German philosopher whose "Critique of Pure Reason" revolutionized Western philosophy, introducing concepts such as transcendental idealism and the categorical imperative.
  5. 6. Hume: Scottish Enlightenment philosopher known for his empiricist approach to philosophy, skepticism regarding causality, and his influential works on ethics, epistemology, and metaphysics.
  6. 7. Pre-Socratic philosopher who famously stated that "you cannot step into the same river twice," emphasizing the concept of constant change and flux.
  7. 9. Augustine: Early Christian theologian and philosopher whose works, such as "Confessions" and "City of God," profoundly influenced Western Christian thought and philosophy.
  8. 11. Chinese philosopher and founder of Daoism, author of the "Tao Te Ching," which expounds the concept of the Tao (the Way) and the principle of wu wei (effortless action).
  9. 12. Thomas Aquinas: Influential medieval philosopher and theologian who synthesized Aristotelian philosophy with Christian theology, most notably in his seminal work "Summa Theologica."