HISTORY VOCAB #7 CROSSWORD

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Across
  1. 5. A Portuguese prince who sponsored early voyages of discovery along the coast of Africa.
  2. 7. A triangular sail that allowed ships to sail against the wind, crucial for early global exploration.
  3. 10. The central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be the verbatim word of God.
  4. 12. A struggle or fight against the enemies of Islam, or a spiritual struggle within oneself against sin.
  5. 14. An Islamic shrine in Jerusalem, built on the site where Muslims believe Muhammad ascended to heaven.
  6. 15. An ancient instrument used by sailors to determine their latitude by observing the positions of the stars.
  7. 16. A spiritual and political leader of the Muslim community, regarded as a successor to Muhammad.
  8. 18. A slender tower, typically part of a mosque, from which a muezzin calls Muslims to prayer.
  9. 19. A Muslim place of worship.
  10. 21. The holiest city of Islam, located in Saudi Arabia; the birthplace of Muhammad and destination of the Hajj.
  11. 23. Muhammad’s migration from Mecca to Medina in 622 AD, marking the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
Down
  1. 1. The branch of Islam that believes the caliph must be a direct descendant of Muhammad (starting with Ali).
  2. 2. A person regarded as an inspired teacher or proclaimer of the will of God; specifically, Muhammad in Islam.
  3. 3. The black, cube-shaped building in Mecca that is the most sacred site in Islam.
  4. 4. The five core acts of worship in Islam: Faith, Prayer, Charity, Fasting, and Pilgrimage.
  5. 6. The largest branch of Islam, which believes that caliphs should be chosen by the community based on merit.
  6. 8. Empire/Kingdom An ancient kingdom in present-day Ethiopia/Eritrea that was a major trading power and early adopter of Christianity.
  7. 9. A battle in 732 AD where Frankish forces stopped the Umayyad expansion into Western Europe.
  8. 11. A follower of the religion of Islam.
  9. 13. A monotheistic religion based on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad and the belief in one God (Allah).
  10. 17. The belief that spirits exist in natural objects, such as animals, plants, and rocks.
  11. 20. A body of religious law that forms part of the Islamic tradition, derived from the Qur'an and Hadith.
  12. 22. The annual pilgrimage to Mecca that all Muslims are expected to make at least once in their lifetime.