Human Geography of Europe - Key Terms

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Across
  1. 2. – A subgroup of the Indo-European family, including languages like Russian, Polish, and Czech, primarily spoken in Eastern and Southeastern Europe.
  2. 3. – Systems of buses, trains, subways, etc., used to move people around cities, which are well-developed in cities like Zurich, Vienna, and Stockholm.
  3. 5. – The cultural practices shared by Southern European countries like Spain, Italy, and Greece, influenced by the Mediterranean climate and historical ties.
  4. 6. – Large cities with a population of over 10 million people, like London, Paris, and Moscow.
  5. 8. – Movements in regions like Catalonia (Spain) and Scotland (UK) seeking independence from larger political entities.
  6. 11. – The number of people living per unit of area (e.g., people per square kilometer). Some countries like Monaco have very high population densities.
  7. 13. (EU) – A political and economic union of 27 European countries that share common policies on trade, human rights, and allow free movement of people, goods, and services.
  8. 14. – The United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union, which took place in 2020.
  9. 15. – The travel industry, a major economic sector in Europe with countries like France, Italy, and Spain attracting millions of visitors annually.
  10. 18. – Major cities or metropolitan areas that are centers of political, economic, and cultural activity (e.g., London, Berlin).
  11. 20. – The development of urban environments that balance the needs of the current population with environmental protection, seen in cities like Copenhagen and Amsterdam.
  12. 21. – The economic issue of whether people can afford adequate living space in cities, where housing prices have increased in cities like Paris and London.
  13. 23. – The process by which one country takes control over a territory previously governed by another country, as Russia did with Crimea in 2014.
  14. 24. – A subgroup of the Indo-European family, including languages like Spanish, French, and Italian, primarily spoken in Southern and Western Europe.
  15. 25. – Refers to the cultural identity of the British Isles (Ireland, Scotland, Wales), with languages like Irish and Welsh and practices like Gaelic games.
  16. 26. – The production of agricultural goods, such as grains, livestock, and vegetables. Eastern Europe is particularly known for its agricultural contributions.
  17. 30. – A subgroup of the Indo-European family, including languages like English, German, and Dutch, spoken in Northern and Central Europe.
  18. 31. – The study of how culture is distributed across a geographic space and how people's beliefs, practices, languages, and traditions shape the places they live.
  19. 32. – The principle of separating religion from the state or public institutions, common in many European countries.
  20. 34. – The process of population movement from rural areas to cities, leading to the growth of urban areas.
  21. 35. – Differences in economic development and living standards between countries or regions within Europe, such as between Western and Eastern Europe.
  22. 36. – A form of government where a country is ruled by a monarch (king or queen), though many European monarchies are largely ceremonial today.
  23. 37. – Refers to the cultural traits of countries like Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland, which include a high standard of living and strong welfare systems.
  24. 38. – A political system where there is both a president and a prime minister, as in France.
Down
  1. 1. – Geographically concentrated areas where heavy industries such as manufacturing, mining, and steel production take place (e.g., Ruhr Valley in Germany).
  2. 4. – A political system in which the executive branch (e.g., prime minister) derives its legitimacy from the legislature (parliament).
  3. 7. – The movement of people within a country, often for economic or social reasons (e.g., rural to urban migration).
  4. 9. – Industries focused on advanced technology and innovation, like those found in Germany, France, and the UK.
  5. 10. – A demographic trend in which the median age of a population rises due to lower birth rates and longer life expectancies.
  6. 12. (EEA) – An area that includes the EU countries along with Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway, enabling participation in the EU's single market.
  7. 16. – A large language family that includes Romance, Germanic, and Slavic languages, spoken by the majority of Europeans.
  8. 17. – Languages spoken in Finland, Hungary, and Estonia, unrelated to the Indo-European family (e.g., Finnish and Hungarian).
  9. 19. – Cultural traditions and customs found in the Balkans, influenced by Slavic, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian heritages.
  10. 22. – A system in which citizens vote on laws and policies directly, as in Switzerland.
  11. 27. (Gross Domestic Product) – The total monetary value of goods and services produced by a country, used to gauge the economic health of a nation.
  12. 28. – The movement of people across national borders, including migration from Africa, the Middle East, and Asia to Europe.
  13. 29. – A group of people from the same country or region who have spread out and settled in other countries (e.g., the Polish diaspora in the UK).
  14. 33. – Areas of intense political or military conflict, such as Cyprus, Kosovo, and parts of Ukraine.