IMM Crossword Puzzle
Across
- 1. Family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
- 3. Crystallized fragment of antibody: the part of an antibody that consists of the carboxy terminal halves of the two heavy chains disulfide-bonded to each other
- 5. Cell adhesion molecule
- 9. the end stage of disease in HIV infection
- 12. Acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine that can trigger Complement activation and acts as an opsonin
- 13. T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD4 which upon activation differentiate into distinct T-helper phenotypes with different roles in adaptive immunity
- 15. A cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules to T cell receptors on T cells
- 17. Designation for specific cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another
- 20. Transcription factor expressed in Treg cells that is needed for Treg cell function
- 22. protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
- 24. Toll-like receptor: a family of Pattern Recognition Receptors present on many leukocytes and epithelial cells that recognize PAMPs on pathogens and help initiate immune responses
- 26. Family names of chemokines, chemicals that are a sub-class of cytokines with cell-attractant properties
- 28. T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD8 which upon activation differentiate into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)
- 31. Cell surface receptors that bind to the Fc portion of IgG molecules. Expressed on phagocytes, B cells, and NK cells, among others
- 32. Human immunodeficiency virus
- 33. Complementarity determining regions: the regions of the antigen binding loops of Ig molecules, antibodies and T cell receptors that come into contact with antigen
Down
- 2. Nuclear factor of activated T cells: a key transcription factor that is required to bind to the IL-2 promoter to cause IL-2 transcription
- 3. Member of TNF receptor family expressed on certain cells that makes them susceptible to being killed by cells expressing the Fas ligand
- 4. Name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
- 6. an immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface
- 7. A mechanism NK cells use to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells or tumor cells
- 8. Cytokine produced by effector CD4+ TH1 cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells; primary actions are to act with IL-12 to induce TH1 differentiation, and to fully activate macrophages; enhances expression of MHC and components involved in Ag processing; is a switch factor for certain Ig isotypes and inhibits TH2 response
- 9. Immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
- 10. Membrane attack complex: end product of the Complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis
- 11. B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
- 14. A cell wall component of gram negative bacteria which can be bound by TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
- 16. A molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor
- 18. Adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
- 19. A transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
- 21. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy: multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
- 22. general designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
- 23. sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells.
- 25. Intracellular adhesion molecules: cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; Critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells
- 27. Family names of chemokine receptors, the receptors that chemokines bind to all cell attraction to specific areas in the body
- 29. Dendritic cell: a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
- 30. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes: CD8+ T cells with the effector function of targeting and killing virally infected cells and tumor cells by apoptosis
- 31. Fragment with antigen binding: the part of an antibody responsible for antigen binding, consisting of the light chain and amino-terminal half of the heavy chain disulfide-bonded together