Immune Cells, Signaling Molecules, and Functions

5. / Macrophages are big cells that detect and engulf foreign objects.
6. / Antigens cluster and crowd the pathogen to neutralize and mark it for phagocytosis
8. / a specific marker on a virus or a bacteria that B-cells and other immune cells can recognize
10. / Mediates and triggers immune response between humoral and cell-mediated immunity
11. / Main fever signaling molecule produced by body tissues but also some pathogens
12. / The vacuole with the broken-down and dead parts of the pathogen fuses back to the outer membrane of the Macrophage
13. / Antibodies binding to antigens on the virus/bacteria prevents them from entering and infecting host cells
14. / A phagocytic white blood cell that makes up 60%–70% of the WBC. Circulate in blood (humoral response) and destroy pathogens that can infect cells
15. / Cell-mediated immune cells that use toxic proteins to kill infected cells before pathogens mature in the host cell. Requires Helper T-cell signaling to trigger Cytotoxic T-cell response.
16. / Part of adaptive immunity. Long-lived cells that can produce more Plasma Cells
17. / Has a short life span but gets to work immediately, producing antibodies.

1. / Main inflammatory signaling molecule that causes vasodilation
2. / circulate throughout the body to detect abnormal surface proteins and release substances that induce cell death
3. / Cells with antigen receptors that bind to only fragments of antigens. Developed in the lymph nodes and circulate around the blood (humoral)
4. / The process of capturing a target substance in a vacuole
7. / proteins secreted by virus-infected cells that acts as a warning signal to nearby cells to produce viral replication-inhibiting substances
8. / Free-floating versions of antigen receptors (Y-shaped proteins) that bind to specific antigens
9. / participate in adaptive immunity by “remembering” certain pathogens and engulfing them while stimulating the immune response of nearby tissue cells.