Immunisations and Antivirals

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Across
  1. 3. First and only infectious disease to be eradicated, largely due to global vaccination programs
  2. 6. A vaccine created by reducing the virulence of a pathogen, but still keeping it viable (or "live"). Taking an infectious agent and alters it so that it becomes harmless or less virulent. Examples include the viral diseases yellow fever, measles, rubella, and mumps, and the bacterial disease typhoid.
  3. 8. A type of vaccine. certain bacteria have polysaccharide outer coats that are poorly immunogenic. By linking these outer coats to proteins (e.g., toxins), the immune system can be led to recognize the polysaccharide as if it were a protein antigen
  4. 10. These cells recognize an antigen introduced into the body during a prior infection or vaccination. Memory lymphocytes mount a rapid and strong immune response when exposed to an antigen for a second time.
  5. 14. A vaccine designed to immunize against a single antigen or single microorganism.
  6. 15. Immunity that is not inherited. It be active or passive.
Down
  1. 1. A type of vaccine made from inactivated toxic compounds that cause illness rather than the micro-organism. Examples of toxoid-based vaccines include tetanus and diphtheria.
  2. 2. A treatment usually used prophylactically to prevent chicken pox in immunosuppressed patients. It is an antibody that neutralises the Varicella Zoster virus by preventing attachment. It is injected is intramuscularly.
  3. 4. A form of indirect protection from infectious disease that occurs when a large percentage of a population has become immune to an infection, thereby providing a measure of protection for individuals who are not immune.
  4. 5. A biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. It typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins.
  5. 7. An antiviral medication primarily used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections, chickenpox, and shingles. It is phosphorylated in herpes-infected cells by a viral thymidine kinase. This yields a triphosphate nucleotide that inhibits viral DNA synthesis. These drugs are selectively toxic to infected cells because need viral thymidine kinase and the host cell kinase activates only small amount of drug. The DNA polymerase of herpes virus has much higher affinity for the activated drug than cellular DNA polymerase. Another example of a similar antiviral is famiciclovir.
  6. 9. Medicines that cure or control virus infections. Mechanisms depend on either – inhibition of unique steps in viral replication such as adsorption, penetration, uncoating, assembly or release or in preferential inhibition of steps shared with the host cell – transcription and translation.
  7. 11. A vaccine designed to immunize against two or more strains of the same microorganism, or against two or more microorganisms.
  8. 12. A preventive measure taken to fend off a disease or another unwanted consequence.
  9. 13. The branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of disease and the action of remedial agents.