Immunity and Immunization

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Across
  1. 3. T cell responsible for directly attacking infected.
  2. 5. The type of T cell that secretes interleukins to coordinate immune responses.
  3. 7. The Y-shaped protein molecules that help neutralize or destroy pathogens.
  4. 10. The immune response that occurs upon re-exposure to the same antigen, often faster and stronger.
  5. 13. The site where B cells develop.
  6. 15. The abundant immunoglobulin in circulation, responsible for secondary immune response.
  7. 16. The primary goal of vaccination is to stimulate a ______ response and a memory response.
  8. 18. Blood cell markers are classified as this type of immunogen.
  9. 20. When a B cell encounters an antigen, it produces these defensive proteins.
  10. 22. The process where B cells that react to self-antigens are destroyed.
  11. 26. If a vaccinated person is exposed to the pathogen, the immune response will be ______, powerful, and sustained.
  12. 29. The structures T cells colonize after maturation, such as lymph nodes and tonsils.
  13. 31. A vaccine should be inexpensive and have a long ______ life.
  14. 32. Immunoglobulin that acts as a B cell membrane antigen receptor.
  15. 33. A substance that prompts the generation of antibodies and triggers an immune response.
  16. 34. Immunoglobulin found in mucus, saliva, tears, and milk, preventing pathogen adherence to epithelial surfaces.
  17. 35. Small antigen molecules derived from bacterial cells or viruses used in vaccines.
  18. 36. A good vaccine should protect against ______ forms of the pathogen.
  19. 38. The term used for an antigen that stimulates an immune response.
  20. 39. A vaccine should have long-term effects by producing ______ cells.
  21. 41. When a T cell encounters an antigen, it becomes ______.
  22. 43. T cells that react with self-antigens are ______.
  23. 46. An ideal vaccine should require minimal doses and ______.
  24. 47. DNA complexed to proteins, but not pure DNA.
  25. 48. Two main types of APCs: ______ and macrophages.
  26. 49. The structure that fuses with a lysosome to break down antigens.
  27. 51. Vaccines that contain killed cells or inactivated viruses.
  28. 53. Vaccination primes the immune system for future exposure to a ______ pathogen.
  29. 54. The abbreviation for the “ID” tag that helps identify self vs. non-self cells.
  30. 55. The organ where T cells mature.
  31. 56. More complex molecules-more antigenic than lipids.
  32. 58. The outermost layer of the meninges.
  33. 59. Certain bacterial capsules are composed of this immunogenicity material.
Down
  1. 1. This component of bacterial cell walls is a known immunogen.
  2. 2. The process used to manufacture subunit vaccines by modifying DNA.
  3. 4. Vaccines that use weakened but live pathogens.
  4. 6. The type of immune cells activated when a T cell recognizes an antigen on an APC.
  5. 8. response The first response of the immune system to a new antigen.
  6. 9. The type of T cell that directly attacks pathogens.
  7. 11. Immunoglobulin found on mast cells, involved in allergic reactions by stimulating histamine release.
  8. 12. The process in which an activated B cell multiplies to form identical copies.
  9. 14. The brain is made up of neurons and____cells.
  10. 17. To be perceived as an antigen, a substance must meet requirements in foreignness shape ,size , and______.
  11. 19. The class of MHC found only on antigen-presenting cells.
  12. 21. The class of MHC found on all nucleated cells.
  13. 23. The largest immunoglobulin, a pentamer, primarily involved in the primary immune response.
  14. 24. acquired active Immunity acquired through infection or contact with a pathogen.
  15. 25. The part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord.
  16. 27. The part of an antigen that is recognized by the immune system.
  17. 28. The part of the nervous system that consists of nerves traveling to the body’s periphery.
  18. 30. Type of vaccine in which subunits are combined with proteins to enhance immune response.
  19. 37. acquired active Immunity gained through vaccination with dead or attenuated pathogens.
  20. 40. A B cell is activated when an antigen binds to its ______.
  21. 42. The immune signaling molecules secreted by helper T cells to attract and stimulate other immune cells.
  22. 44. Immunity directed against a particular pathogen.
  23. 45. The T cells that provide long-term immunity by remembering past infections.
  24. 49. The type of cells that produce and secrete antibodies.
  25. 50. cells The type of cells in red bone marrow that give rise to T cells.
  26. 52. The type of molecule secreted by plasma cells to neutralize antigens.
  27. 57. help promote Tc cell and B cell action.