immunology

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Across
  1. 1. Recombination signal sequences, short DNA sequences flanking Ig and TCR V, D, and J gene segments that serve as the binding sites for the RAG complex allowing Ig and TCR gene rearrangement (somatic recombination).
  2. 5. A cytokine produced by effector CD4+ TH1 cells, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells that plays a role in inducing TH1 differentiation and fully activating macrophages.
  3. 8. protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong.
  4. 12. cells: Subset of CD4+ T cells characterized by the cytokines they produce, including IL-4; involved in stimulating B cells to produce IgE antibody against helminths.
  5. 13. Cell-mediated immunity
  6. 15. Toll-like receptor, a family of pattern recognition receptors present on many leukocytes and epithelial cells that recognize PAMPs on pathogens and help initiate immune responses.
  7. 16. T-cell receptor, the antigen receptor on T cells.
  8. 17. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, repeating molecular patterns on microbes that are recognized by PRRs on immune cells.
  9. 20. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
  10. 23. cells: Subset of CD4+ T cells characterized by the cytokines they produce, including IFN-gamma involved in fully activating macrophages, and IL-2 involved in promoting CTL responses against intracellular pathogens.
  11. 24. attack complex end product of the complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis.
  12. 27. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
  13. 28. T cells: T cells that express the CD4 protein on their surface and play a key role in the immune response.
Down
  1. 2. Surface immunoglobulin, an immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface.
  2. 3. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, white blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules.
  3. 4. Mannose-binding lectin, a soluble acute phase response protein that can bind mannose on pathogens; can activate the lectin pathway of complement and acts as an opsonin.
  4. 6. Nuclear factor of activated T cells, a key transcription factor that is required to bind to the IL-2 promoter to cause IL-2 transcription.
  5. 7. Antigen
  6. 9. CD4 T cells: T cells that have previously encountered an antigen and have developed a memory response to it.
  7. 10. Lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of gram-negative bacteria which TLR-4 can bind on macrophages and dendritic cells.
  8. 11. Immune response.
  9. 14. Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs, amino acid sequence in cytoplasmic domains of membrane receptors involved in signal transduction.
  10. 15. Regulatory CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells: a T cell subset that is responsible for suppressing or limiting immune responses.
  11. 18. immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
  12. 19. Cluster of differentiation
  13. 21. Interleukin, general designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells.
  14. 22. Systemic lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune disease where autoantibodies (against DNA, RNA, and proteins associated with nucleic acids) form immune complexes.
  15. 24. Major histocompatibility complex, designation for a family of cell surface molecules involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to T cells.
  16. 25. cells: Large granular lymphocytes that serve as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells.
  17. 26. Complementarity determining regions