Immunology

5. Which cells releases cytokines.
7. When antibodies bind to two pathogens and they clump together.
10. Which type of ELISA test identifies the presence of antibodies.
11. Which cells are involved in the secondary immune response.
12. What type of virus is HIV.
15. The type of immunity you get from being given antibodies made by a different organism.
16. The type of immunity you get when your immune system makes its own antibodies after being stimulated by an antigen.
18. When antibodies bind to pathogens or toxins blocking their active sites and preventing them from doing any more harm.
21. Which immune response is slower whilst antibodies are made and the person will show symptoms.
26. What is the term given to describe when pathogens change their surface antigens and different strains develop.

1. The enzyme found in HIV particles responsible for copying RNA into DNA.
2. A type of phagocyte that carries out phagocytosis.
3. The study of the immune system.
4. What is the term used to describe when the people who have been vaccinated reduce the occurrence of the disease protecting those who have not yet been vaccinated.
6. Are made of protein and can bind to complementary antigens.
8. What is the name given to the types of drugs used to treat HIV.
9. A term to describe when a B cell divides by mitosis into cloned plasma cells all produces identical antibodies.
13. The ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells.
14. Are micro-organisms that cause disease, bacteria, fungi, protists and viruses.
17. what is a call referred to when a cell like a macrophage sticks non-self antigens on its surface to activate other immune system cells.
19. Which immune response is faster and stronger if the same antigen enters the body.
20. A process where a type of white blood cells engulfs and digests a pathogen.
22. Is released by cytotoxic T cells which destroys targeted cells by creating lesions like pores in their membranes.
23. Which cells kill cells infected with viruses, cancer cells or abnormal cells.
24. Which cells secrete antibodies.
25. Are cell surface membrane proteins that can generate an immune response when detected as non-self by the body.