Immunology Acronym List

123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930
Across
  1. 1. Complementarity determining regions: the regions of the antigen binding loops of Ig molecules, antibodies and T cell receptors that come into contact with antigen
  2. 5. lipopolysaccharide: a cell wall component of gram negative bacteria which can be bound by TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
  3. 7. Human leukocyte antigen: name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
  4. 8. Subset of CD4+ T cells characterized by the cytokines they produce; involved in fully activating macrophages and promoting CTL responses against intracellular pathogens
  5. 9. B cell receptor: sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells
  6. 10. Intracellular adhesion molecules: cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; Critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells
  7. 12. Surface immunoglobulin: an immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface
  8. 13. Transcription factor expressed in Treg cells that is needed for Treg cell function
  9. 15. Cell mediated immunity: adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
  10. 17. Mannose-binding lectin: soluble acute phase response protein that can bind mannose on pathogens
  11. 20. C-reactive protein: acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine, a constituent of certain bacteria, that can trigger Complement activation and acts as an opsonin
  12. 21. Nuclear factor of activated T cells: a key transcription factor that is required to bind to the IL-2 promoter to cause IL-2 transcription
  13. 22. Toll-like receptor: a family of Pattern Recognition Receptors present on many leukocytes and epithelial cells that recognize PAMPs on pathogens and help initiate immune responses
  14. 23. Antigen presenting cell: a cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules to T cell receptors on T cells
  15. 24. Autoimmune regulator a transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
  16. 26. Recombination-activating genes; the two genes essential for Ig and TCR gene rearrangement
  17. 28. Member of TNF receptor family expressed on certain cells that makes them susceptible to being killed by cells expressing the Fas ligand
  18. 29. Membrane attack complex: end product of the Complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis
  19. 30. Cluster of differentiation: designation for specific cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another
Down
  1. 2. Recombination-activating genes; the two genes essential for Ig and TCR gene rearrangement
  2. 3. Recombination signal sequences: short DNA sequences flanking Ig and TCR V, D and J gene segments that serve as the binding sites for the RAG complex, allowing Ig and TCR gene rearrangement (somatic recombination)
  3. 4. Fragment with antigen binding: the part of an antibody (that can be isolated by protease digestion) responsible for antigen binding, consisting of the light chain and amino-terminal half of the heavy chain disulfide-bonded together
  4. 6. Pathogen associated molecular patterns: repeating molecular patterns on microbes that are recognized by PRRs on immune cells
  5. 8. Regulatory CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells: a T cell subset that is responsible for suppressing or limiting immune responses
  6. 11. Cell adhesion molecule
  7. 12. Systemic lupus erythematosus: autoimmune disease where autoantibodies (against DNA, RNA, and proteins associated with nucleic acids) form immune complexes
  8. 14. Pattern recognition receptors: receptors on immune cells and epithelial cells that recognize and bind to PAMPs on microbes
  9. 15. Family names of chemokines, chemicals that are a sub-class of cytokines with cell-attractant properties
  10. 16. Interferon: family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections;
  11. 17. Major histocompatibility complex: designation for a family of cell surface molecules involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to T cells
  12. 18. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy: multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
  13. 19. Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs: amino acid sequence in cytoplasmic domains of membrane receptors involved in signal transduction
  14. 20. Family names of chemokine receptors, the receptors that chemokines bind to all cell attraction to specific areas in the body
  15. 22. Subset of CD4+ T cells characterized by the cytokines they produce; involved in stimulating B cells to produce antibody against extracellular pathogens
  16. 25. Nuclear factor κB: transcription factor that helps activate the expression of many pro-inflammatory genes
  17. 27. Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity a mechanism NK cells use to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells or tumor cells