Immunology Acronym List

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Across
  1. 1. Crystallized fragment of antibody: the part of an antibody that consists of the carboxy terminal halves of the two heavy chains disulfide-bonded to each other; the Fc region of an antibody is where Fc receptors bind, and so is responsible for antibody effector function (after antigen binding occurs)
  2. 4. Antigen presenting cell: a cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules to T cell receptors on T cells
  3. 6. Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity: a mechanism NK cells use to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells or tumor cells
  4. 10. Dendritic cell: a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
  5. 12. Interleukin: general designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
  6. 13. B cell receptor: sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells.
  7. 15. Cytokine produced by effector CD4+ TH1 cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells; primary actions are to act with IL-12 to induce TH1 differentiation, and to fully activate macrophages; enhances expression of MHC and components involved in Ag processing; is a switch factor for certain Ig isotypes and inhibits TH2 response
  8. 18. Antibody: immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
  9. 19. Immunoglobulin, protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
  10. 20. Family names of chemokine receptors, the receptors that chemokines bind to all cell attraction to specific areas in the body
  11. 23. B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
  12. 25. lipopolysaccharide: a cell wall component of gram negative bacteria which can be bound by TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
  13. 26. Autoimmune regulator: a transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
  14. 28. T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD4 which upon activation differentiate into distinct Thelper phenotypes with different roles in adaptive immunity
  15. 30. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy: multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
  16. 32. Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs: amino acid sequence in cytoplasmic domains of membrane receptors involved in signal transduction
Down
  1. 2. C-reactive protein: acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine, a constituent of certain bacteria, that can trigger Complement activation and acts as an opsonin
  2. 3. Macrophage: large mononuclear phagocyte that takes residence in many different tissues and organs and contributes to innate immune responses and can act as an effector cell in adaptive immune responses
  3. 5. Cell adhesion molecule
  4. 7. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes: CD8+ T cells with the effector function of targeting and killing virally infected cells and tumor cells by apoptosis
  5. 8. Complementarity determining regions: the regions of the antigen binding loops of Ig molecules, antibodies and T cell receptors that come into contact with antigen
  6. 9. Cluster of differentiation: designation for specific cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another
  7. 11. Cell mediated immunity: adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
  8. 12. Interferon: family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
  9. 14. T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD8 which upon activation differentiate into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)
  10. 16. Fragment with antigen binding: the part of an antibody (that can be isolated by protease digestion) responsible for antigen binding, consisting of the light chain and amino-terminal half of the heavy chain disulfide-bonded together
  11. 17. Transcription factor expressed in Treg cells that is needed for Treg cell function
  12. 18. Antigen: a molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor
  13. 19. immune response
  14. 21. Family names of chemokines, chemicals that are a sub-class of cytokines with cell-attractant properties
  15. 22. Cell surface receptors that bind to the Fc portion of IgG molecules. Expressed on phagocytes, B cells, and NK cells, among others; transmit activating signals in innate immunity, humoral immunity and ADCC
  16. 24. Member of TNF receptor family expressed on certain cells that makes them susceptible to being killed by cells expressing the Fas ligand
  17. 27. Human leukocyte antigen: name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
  18. 29. Intracellular adhesion molecules: cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; Critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells
  19. 31. Human immunodeficiency virus
  20. 33. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the end stage of disease in HIV infection