Immunology Acronyms

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Across
  1. 1. Cluster of differentiation: designation for specific cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another
  2. 4. Major histocompatibility complex: designation for a family of cell surface molecules involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to T cells
  3. 6. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy: multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
  4. 9. Macrophage: large mononuclear phagocyte that takes residence in many different tissues and organs and contributes to innate immune responses and can act as an effector cell in adaptive immune responses
  5. 10. Cell mediated immunity: adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
  6. 11. Member of TNF receptor family expressed on certain cells that makes them susceptible to being killed by cells expressing the Fas ligand
  7. 14. Systemic lupus erythematosus: autoimmune disease where autoantibodies (against DNA, RNA, and proteins associated with nucleic acids) form immune complexes
  8. 16. B cell receptor: sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells.
  9. 17. Antibody: immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
  10. 18. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes: CD8+ T cells with the effector function of targeting and killing virally infected cells and tumor cells by apoptosis
  11. 20. Surface immunoglobulin: an immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface
  12. 23. Fragment with antigen binding: the part of an antibody (that can be isolated by protease digestion) responsible for antigen binding, consisting of the light chain and amino-terminal half of the heavy chain disulfide-bonded together
  13. 24. Immunoglobulin, protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
  14. 25. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the end stage of disease in HIV infection
  15. 26. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes: white blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules
  16. 27. Pathogen associated molecular patterns: repeating molecular patterns on microbes that are recognized by PRRs on immune cells
  17. 29. C-reactive protein: acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine, a constituent of certain bacteria, that can trigger Complement activation and acts as an opsonin
  18. 31. T-cell receptor: the Ag receptor on T cells
  19. 32. immune response
Down
  1. 1. Cell adhesion molecule
  2. 2. Dendritic cell: a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
  3. 3. Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs: amino acid sequence in cytoplasmic domains of membrane receptors involved in signal transduction
  4. 5. Human leukocyte antigen: name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
  5. 6. Human immunodeficiency virus
  6. 7. Recombination signal sequences: short DNA sequences flanking Ig and TCR V, D and J gene segments that serve as the binding sites for the RAG complex, allowing Ig and TCR gene rearrangement (somatic recombination)
  7. 8. Nuclear factor κB: transcription factor that helps activate the expression of many pro-inflammatory genes
  8. 10. Complementarity determining regions: the regions of the antigen binding loops of Ig molecules, antibodies and T cell receptors that come into contact with antigen
  9. 12. Membrane attack complex: end product of the Complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis
  10. 13. Mannose-binding lectin: soluble acute phase response protein that can bind mannose on pathogens; can activate the lectin pathway of Complement and acts as an opsonin
  11. 15. lipopolysaccharide: a cell wall component of gram negative bacteria which can be bound by TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
  12. 17. Antigen: a molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor
  13. 19. Regulatory CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells: a T cell subset that is responsible for suppressing or limiting immune responses
  14. 21. Intracellular adhesion molecules: cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; Critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells
  15. 22. Transcription factor expressed in Treg cells that is needed for Treg cell function
  16. 24. Interferon: family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
  17. 25. Antigen presenting cell: a cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules to T cell receptors on T cells
  18. 28. Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity: a mechanism NK cells use to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells or tumor cells
  19. 30. Pattern recognition receptors: receptors on immune cells and epithelial cells that recognize and bind to PAMPs on microbes
  20. 31. Toll-like receptor: a family of Pattern Recognition Receptors present on many leukocytes and epithelial cells that recognize PAMPs on pathogens and help initiate immune responses
  21. 32. Interleukin: general designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells