imperialism

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Across
  1. 1. A series of policy statements issued by the U.S. in 1899–1900 advocating equal trading rights for all nations in China and the preservation of China's territorial integrity.
  2. 6. A group formed in the U.S. in 1898 to oppose the annexation of the Philippines and other territories, arguing that imperialism was contrary to American democratic principles.
  3. 7. A U.S. law passed in 1900 that established civilian government in Puerto Rico, but did not grant full rights of U.S. citizenship to its inhabitants.
  4. 9. A Cuban poet, journalist, and revolutionary who fought for Cuban independence from Spain.
  5. 10. A violent uprising in China (1899-1901) aimed at expelling foreign influence, which led to intervention by foreign powers, including the U.S.
  6. 13. A letter written by Spanish Ambassador Enrique Dupuy de Lôme criticizing U.S. President McKinley, which fueled American anger leading to the Spanish-American War.
  7. 16. The treaty that ended the Spanish-American War, under which Spain ceded control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States.
  8. 18. A Spanish general whose harsh policies in Cuba, including concentration camps, provoked widespread condemnation and contributed to the start of the Spanish-American War.
  9. 19. The 1905 treaty, brokered by Theodore Roosevelt, that ended the Russo-Japanese War and earned Roosevelt the Nobel Peace Prize.
  10. 20. A U.S. naval officer and historian who advocated for a strong navy and sea power to support national greatness and expansion.
  11. 22. A Mexican revolutionary leader who conducted raids into the U.S. during the Mexican Revolution, prompting a military response from the U.S.
  12. 23. A U.S. foreign policy under President Taft that sought to extend American influence in Latin America and Asia through economic investments and loans.
  13. 24. Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy principle of negotiating peacefully while simultaneously showing military strength to deter threats.
  14. 25. An influential American newspaper publisher known for using sensationalism and exaggeration (yellow journalism) to influence public opinion, particularly during the Spanish-American War.
  15. 26. A U.S. Navy battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor in 1898, contributing to the outbreak of the Spanish-American War due to widespread belief that Spain was responsible.
Down
  1. 2. A Filipino revolutionary leader who fought against Spanish and later American colonization during the Philippine-American War.
  2. 3. A volunteer cavalry unit led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War, famous for their charge up San Juan Hill.
  3. 4. A concept popularized by Rudyard Kipling's poem, suggesting that it was the duty of Western powers to civilize and uplift non-Western societies.
  4. 5. An amendment to the Cuban constitution that allowed the U.S. to intervene in Cuban affairs and established U.S. control over Guantanamo Bay.
  5. 8. An extension of the Monroe Doctrine by President Theodore Roosevelt, asserting the right of the U.S. to intervene in Latin American countries to maintain stability.
  6. 11. A style of sensationalized and exaggerated reporting used by newspapers to attract readers and influence public opinion, notably during the lead-up to the Spanish-American War.
  7. 12. The last sovereign monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii, deposed in 1893 when the U.S. backed a coup to annex Hawaii.
  8. 14. A U.S. naval commander who achieved a decisive victory against the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay during the Spanish-American War.
  9. 15. A man-made waterway completed in 1914 that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, significantly reducing travel time for maritime trade.
  10. 17. The policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force, often to acquire territory or control resources.
  11. 21. A country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power, as Cuba was under U.S. influence following the Platt Amendment.