Important Facts to Memorize About Diabetes Mellitus

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Across
  1. 1. ____(DPP-4i) has the strongest association with increased HF risk.
  2. 4. ____has an increased risk of lower limb amputation.
  3. 7. ____levels: Level 1 (<70 to >54), Level 2 (<54), Level 3 (severe neurocognitive impairment).
  4. 11. <7% is most peoples what?
  5. 12. cause weight loss and have CV benefits (semaglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide). MOA: Glucose-dependent insulin secretion, glucagon suppression, delayed gastric emptying, reduced food intake.
  6. 14. ____MOA: Enhance insulin sensitivity.
  7. 16. ____is a dual GLP-1/GIP agonist, provides highest A1c reduction and weight loss. Requires backup contraception for oral birth control for 4 weeks after initiation and each dose escalation.
  8. 17. ____is contraindicated in NYHA III/IV HF. Adverse effects: Edema, weight gain, increased risk of HF, bone fractures (women), bladder cancer.
  9. 20. ____is the leading cause of ESKD, 3rd leading cause of blindness, and leading cause of peripheral neuropathy.
  10. 21. ____does NOT cause hypoglycemia (monotherapy) or weight gain. primary MOA: Decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis.
  11. 22. should be stopped before surgery (daily: day of; weekly: 7 days prior) due to delayed gastric emptying
Down
  1. 2. ____is essential for T1DM and is classified by onset/duration: rapid, short, intermediate, long, ultra-long.
  2. 3. = 28.7 x A1c - 46.7
  3. 5. ____is a rare but serious SGLT2i adverse effect.
  4. 6. MOA: Inhibit SGLT2 in PCT, increasing urinary glucose excretion. Adverse effects: UTIs, genital infections, DKA, volume depletion/hypotension.
  5. 8. ____insulin provides continuous coverage.
  6. 9. Done at 24-28 weeks gestation. A1c not reliable for this.
  7. 10. ____or mealtime insulin covers acute post-meal rises.
  8. 13. ____MOA: Stimulate glucose-independent insulin release from β-cells. Adverse effects: Hypoglycemia, weight gain, secondary failure.
  9. 14. ____accounts for 5-10% of all DM cases.
  10. 15. _____provide NO additional benefit when combined with GLP-1 RAs. MOA: Slow inactivation of endogenous incretins (GLP-1, GIP).
  11. 18. ____accounts for ~90% of all DM cases.
  12. 19. What are these classic symptoms of: Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia.