Inheritance

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Across
  1. 2. The inheritance of a characteristic produced by one gene.
  2. 9. A form of cell division that produces four haploid and genetically unique daughter cells/gametes from a diploid parent cell.
  3. 11. One of four molecules (ATCG) that join in pairs (AT CG) to link the two strands of DNA together.
  4. 14. A diagram that shows the inheritance of different forms of a characteristic through the generation within a family.
  5. 16. The description of the two alleles for a particular characteristic.
  6. 20. A section of three bases on a tRNA molecule that joins with the codon on the mRNA.
  7. 23. The allele that is expressed in the phenotype.
  8. 26. A piece of DNA that is the code for the one protein.
  9. 27. Deoxyribonucleic acid
  10. 29. The physical characteristics of an organism as a result of its genes.
  11. 36. Is resistance to the effect of antibiotics by bacteria, which normally kills them.
  12. 37. All the DNA/genes in an organism.
  13. 38. A form of cell division that produces two genetically identical diploid daughter cells from a diploid parent cell.
  14. 40. When the two alleles for the gene are different in the genotype.
  15. 41. One form of a gene producing one form of the characteristic that the gene codes for.
  16. 42. Characteristics that are controlled by the alleles of more than one gene.
  17. 43. Chromosomes that control the gender of individuals. XX in females and XY in males.
  18. 44. The code formed by the order of the bases in DNA.
Down
  1. 1. The change in the characteristics of a species over time.
  2. 3. A long DNA molecule that is found in a cell nucleus.
  3. 4. The shape of the DNA molecule. A bit like a twisted ladder.
  4. 5. Radiation such as gamma rays, X-rays and ultraviolet that can damage cells and produce mutations in genes.
  5. 6. A cell with two sets of chromosomes.
  6. 7. A random change in a gene sometimes producing a new allele.
  7. 8. The first stage of protein synthesis in which an mRNA copy is made of a section of DNA coding for a gene. Occurs in the nucleus.
  8. 10. A cell or individual that is genetically identical to other cells or individuals.
  9. 12. A cell produced by division of a parent cell.
  10. 13. The process by which proteins are made at ribosomes.
  11. 15. The process by which evolution happens. It is the influence of the environment on
  12. 17. A form of a genetic diagram that displays how a characteristic may be inherited by offspring from their parent’s alleles.
  13. 18. A cell with one set of chromosomes.
  14. 19. When the two alleles for the gene are the same in the genotype.
  15. 21. The chemical that mRNA, tRNA and ribosomes are made from. It is single stranded and contains the base uracil instead of thymine.
  16. 22. Passed on from parent to offspring via the genes.
  17. 24. A sequence of 3 bases on a DNA or mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.
  18. 25. The second stage of protein synthesis in which amino acids are joined together in order coded for by mRNA. Occurs at the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
  19. 28. A fertilised egg formed by the fusion of male and female gametes.
  20. 30. The allele is not expressed in a phenotype unless there are two copies.
  21. 31. The differences in organisms.
  22. 32. A chemical that produces mutations in genes.
  23. 33. Messenger RNA molecules are copies of the DNA code for a particular protein that travel to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
  24. 34. When both alleles for a gene are expressed in the phenotype.
  25. 35. Small organelles in the cytoplasm that are site of protein synthesis.
  26. 39. and/or reproduction, so that organisms with some characteristics are moresuccessful at producing offspring than others.
  27. 45. Transfer RNA molecules are small molecules that transport amino acids molecules to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.