Integumentary System 1

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Across
  1. 2. number of types of tissues in the body
  2. 3. number of layers in thick skin
  3. 4. the study of tissues
  4. 10. number of layers of the skin
  5. 11. body's smallest blood vessels (5–10 diameter), forming extensive networks (beds) between arterioles and venules to facilitate the exchange of water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues. Their thin, single-layer endothelial walls and slow blood flow enable efficient diffusion and filtration
  6. 12. suffix for mature cell
  7. 13. specialized pigment-producing cells derived from the neural crest, located primarily in the basal layer of the epidermis, hair follicles, and eyes; they produce melanin
  8. 14. hard, keratinized protective appendages on the dorsal tips of fingers and toes; function to protect digits, enhance sensory perception, and facilitate precision
  9. 16. the deepest, fatty layer of the skin located below the dermis, acting as a flexible anchor to underlying muscles and bones; composed mainly of adipose and areolar connective tissue, functions in thermal insulation, shock absorption, energy storage, and protecting deeper structures
  10. 18. primarily composed of skin, hair, nails, and glands, is the body's largest organ system, acting as a vital, protective barrier against environmental hazards, pathogens, and UV radiation. It regulates body temperature, enables sensory perception (touch, pain), prevents dehydration, and synthesizes vitamin D
  11. 20. the thin, avascular, outermost layer of the skin; composed mainly of keratinocytes and some melanocytes
  12. 21. natural pigment produced by cells called melanocytes, responsible for determining the color of skin, hair, and eyes, and protecting against UV damage
  13. 22. a common skin condition caused by hair follicles clogging with oil and dead skin cells, often driven by hormonal changes, bacteria, and inflammation
  14. 25. immune sentinels in the skin's epidermis (primarily the stratum spinosum) that act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to detect pathogens, UV radiation, and allergens. Derived from bone marrow, these star-shaped dendritic cells phagocytize foreign antigens, then migrate to lymph nodes to initiate adaptive immune responses
  15. 26. suffix for immature cell
Down
  1. 1. primary cell type of the epidermis (making up 90-95%), responsible for forming the skin's outer structural barrier; originating in the basal layer, they migrate upwards, differentiating and producing keratin, essential for protecting against UV radiation, pathogens, heat, and water loss
  2. 5. these detect light touch and low-frequency vibration (e.g., fingertips, lips)
  3. 6. exocrine glands in the skin that secrete an oily/waxy matter called sebum, which lubricates and waterproofs the skin and hair
  4. 7. Found deep in the dermis or hypodermis, these detect deep pressure and high-frequency vibration
  5. 8. a small bundle of involuntary smooth muscle located in the dermis, connecting the hair follicle to the basement membrane; contraction causes pilierection (goosebumps), which helps with thermoregulation and sebum secretion, and acts as a vestigial defense mechanism
  6. 9. highly durable, insoluble protein in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of connective tissues, providing structural integrity, extensibility, and elastic recoil to lungs, skin, and large blood vessels (aorta). It functions like a rubber band, allowing tissues to stretch and return to their original shape
  7. 11. most abundant structural protein in the body (approx. 30%), forming a rigid, triple-helix, fibrillar network that provides strength, elasticity, and scaffolding to skin, tendons, bones, and connective tissues. It acts as a durable, tensile, and protective matrix
  8. 15. responsible for producing hair through a continuous cycle of growth;
  9. 17. thick, fibrous connective tissue layer located between the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis); composed mainly of collagen and elastin; and houses blood vessels, nerves, glands, and hair follicles
  10. 19. a tough, insoluble fibrous structural protein that acts as the essential building block for hair, nails, and the outer layer of skin. It provides structural integrity, protection against damage, and moisture retention
  11. 21. specialized neuroendocrine mechanoreceptors located in the basal layer of the epidermis, primarily on fingertips, lips, and hair follicles, responsible for sensing light touch, pressure, and texture (not meissner corpuscle; but does start/begin with "M")
  12. 23. simple, coiled tubular glands distributed across nearly the entire human body, with high concentrations on the palms, soles, and forehead; function primarily in thermoregulation, secreting a watery, electrolyte-rich sweat directly onto the skin surface via exocytosis to cool the body
  13. 24. a mixture of lipids that protects against dryness, provides natural antibacterial activity, and helps with wound healing