Intro to Leukemia

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Across
  1. 5. malignant proliferation of a type of white blood cell known as a lymphocyte. Most cases arise in lymph nodes, but it can begin at many extranodal sites; classified as to B or T cell and low, intermediate, or high grade
  2. 7. type of blood cell neoplasm characterized by a group of primary neoplastic pluripotential stem cell disorders with one or more cytopenias in the peripheral blood and prominent maturation abnormalities (dysplasia) in the bone marrow (2 words)
  3. 12. initial phase of cancer treatment using chemical substances. Its function is to rapidly drop the tumor burden and induce a remission to a normal state (2 words)
  4. 13. normal hereditary unit that has the potential to cause cancer when it mutates to become a dominant-acting oncogene. It is normally involved in regulating the cell cycle, cell differentiation and maturation, and apoptosis
  5. 15. test that identifies the amount of enzyme present within the specific (secondary) granules of granulocytes (from the myelocyte stage onward). It is useful in distinguishing leukemoid reaction/reactive neutrophilia from chronic myelogenous leukemia (3 words)
  6. 17. related to heritable changes in gene expression not caused by changes in DNA sequence
  7. 18. group of neoplastic clonal disorders characterized by excess proliferation of one or more cell types in the bone marrow (2 words)
  8. 20. abnormal formation of new tissue (such as a tumor) that serves no useful purpose; can be benign or malignant
  9. 21. classification system for hematopoietic disorders based on cell lineage as determined by the morphology and results of cytochemical stains (3 words)
  10. 24. process of developing a leukemic disease
  11. 25. enzyme present in the primary granules of myeloid cells including neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes
Down
  1. 1. disorder characterized by a neoplastic growth of lymphoid cells in the bone marrow and an extreme elevation of these cells in the peripheral blood. It is characterized by leukocytosis, <20% blasts, and a predominance of mature lymphoid cells; classified by WHO as a mature B-lymphoid neoplasm (3 words)
  2. 2. reddish-blue staining needlelike inclusion within the cytoplasm of leukemic myeloblasts that occur as a result of abnormal cytoplasmic granule formation. Their presence on a Romanowsky-stained smear is helpful in differentiating acute myeloid leukemia from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2 words)
  3. 3. gap in the normal maturation pyramid of cells with many blasts and some mature forms but very few intermediate maturational stages. Eventually, the immature neoplastic cells fill the bone marrow and spill over into the peripheral blood, producing leukocytosis (2 words)
  4. 4. malignant disorder characterized by unregulated proliferation and block in maturation of a mutated lymphoid progenitor cell resulting in accumulation of lymphoid cells in the bone marrow. Peripheral blood smear reveals the presence of many undifferentiated or minimally differentiated cells (3 words)
  5. 6. neoplastic with potential to metastasize
  6. 8. usually a chronic condition in which the peripheral blood contains an increased total WBC and mature forms of cells (2 words)
  7. 9. mutated gene that leads to the transformation of a normal cell to a cancer cell. Most are altered forms of normal hereditary units that function to regulate cell growth and differentiation
  8. 10. third and final phase of cancer treatment that uses chemical agents to prevent the repair and/or return of the malignant clone, thus allowing the normal immune system to clear away all remaining disease (2 words)
  9. 11. neoplasm characterized by a neoplastic growth of primarily myeloid cells in the bone marrow and an extreme elevation of these cells in the peripheral blood. Individuals with this disease have the BCR/ABL1 translocation, which codes for a unique P210 protein (3 words)
  10. 14. second phase of cancer chemotherapy whose function is to damage or kill those malignant cells that were not destroyed during the induction phase (2 words)
  11. 16. malignant myeloproliferative disorder characterized by unregulated proliferation and a block in maturation of a mutated hematopoietic stem cell or myeloid progenitor cell resulting in accumulation of primarily undifferentiated or minimally differentiated myeloid cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood (3 words)
  12. 19. hereditary unit whose protein products function to inhibit the growth of normal cells (3 words)
  13. 22. progressive, malignant disease of the hematopoietic system characterized by unregulated, clonal proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells; generally classified as chronic or acute and lymphoid or myelogenous. The malignant cells eventually replace normal cells
  14. 23. nonmalignant tissue formed from highly organized, differentiated cells that do not spread or invade surrounding tissue