Introduction to Cells
Across
- 3. A measure of disorder or randomness.
- 7. "The theory that all living things are made of cells, that cells are the basic units of organisms, and that cells come only from existing cells"
- 9. An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.
- 11. Found in animal cells, contain chemicals that break down certain materials. Breaks down dead cells.
- 12. Having a higher concentration of solute than another solution.
- 13. A hollow rod of the protein tubulin in the cytoplasm of all eukaryote cells that make up cilia, flagella, spindle fibers, and other cytoskeletal structures of cells
- 14. A green photosynthetic pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria.
- 16. single-celled or non-cellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission
- 18. An organism, a consumer, that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.
- 20. A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
- 21. A process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light and energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates, such as sugars and starches.
- 24. Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized.
- 25. Metabolic processes that produce energy (ATP) for all the life processes.
- 27. A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.
- 29. A molecule that is made up of amino acids and that is needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body.
- 30. A jelly-like fluid, composed primarily of water, inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended,
- 33. Organelles in both plants and animals that break down peroxide, a toxic byproduct of cell respiration
- 35. An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms, another name for heterotroph.
- 36. Biomolecules consisting of a phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar, and nitrogenous bases
- 39. the substance in which the solute dissolves.
- 41. An organism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes and consuming or absorbing the nutrients.
Down
- 1. Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution
- 2. transport of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration that uses energy provided by ATP or a difference in electrical charges across a cell membrane.
- 3. A process in which a cell releases substances to the extracellular environment by fusing a vesicular membrane with the plasma membrane, separating the membrane at the point of fusion and allowing the substance to be released.
- 4. Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
- 5. A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent
- 6. A process in which a unicellular organism (the "host") engulfs another cell, which lives within the host cell and ultimately becomes an organelle in the host cell; also refers to the hypothesis that mitochondria and plastids were formerly small prokaryotes that began living within larger cells.
- 7. An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
- 8. A category of essential nutrient that includes sugars, starches, and dietary fiber, provides stored chemical energy for the organisms
- 10. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.
- 15. body A structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell.
- 17. A small, membrane-bound sac that transports subjects in and out of cells.
- 19. reticulum A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.
- 22. Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
- 23. Active transport process where a cell engulfs materials with a portion of the cell's plasma membrane and releases the contents inside of the cell.
- 26. Organism. producers, that are able to make their own food
- 28. A cell structure that contains nucleic acids, the chemical instructions that direct all the cell's activities.
- 29. transport that requires no energy, movement of molecules from high to low concentration, Moves with the concentration gradient
- 31. An organism, an autotroph, that can make its own food.
- 32. a slender threadlike structure, especially a microscopic whiplike appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc., to swim.
- 33. A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
- 34. A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
- 37. Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes
- 38. membrane A thin, phospholipid and protein molecule bilayer that encapsulates a cell and controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell through active or passive transport.
- 40. Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
- 41. Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.