Introduction to Cells

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Across
  1. 3. A measure of disorder or randomness.
  2. 7. "The theory that all living things are made of cells, that cells are the basic units of organisms, and that cells come only from existing cells"
  3. 9. An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.
  4. 11. Found in animal cells, contain chemicals that break down certain materials. Breaks down dead cells.
  5. 12. Having a higher concentration of solute than another solution.
  6. 13. A hollow rod of the protein tubulin in the cytoplasm of all eukaryote cells that make up cilia, flagella, spindle fibers, and other cytoskeletal structures of cells
  7. 14. A green photosynthetic pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria.
  8. 16. single-celled or non-cellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission
  9. 18. An organism, a consumer, that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.
  10. 20. A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
  11. 21. A process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light and energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates, such as sugars and starches.
  12. 24. Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized.
  13. 25. Metabolic processes that produce energy (ATP) for all the life processes.
  14. 27. A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.
  15. 29. A molecule that is made up of amino acids and that is needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body.
  16. 30. A jelly-like fluid, composed primarily of water, inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended,
  17. 33. Organelles in both plants and animals that break down peroxide, a toxic byproduct of cell respiration
  18. 35. An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms, another name for heterotroph.
  19. 36. Biomolecules consisting of a phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar, and nitrogenous bases
  20. 39. the substance in which the solute dissolves.
  21. 41. An organism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes and consuming or absorbing the nutrients.
Down
  1. 1. Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution
  2. 2. transport of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration that uses energy provided by ATP or a difference in electrical charges across a cell membrane.
  3. 3. A process in which a cell releases substances to the extracellular environment by fusing a vesicular membrane with the plasma membrane, separating the membrane at the point of fusion and allowing the substance to be released.
  4. 4. Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
  5. 5. A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent
  6. 6. A process in which a unicellular organism (the "host") engulfs another cell, which lives within the host cell and ultimately becomes an organelle in the host cell; also refers to the hypothesis that mitochondria and plastids were formerly small prokaryotes that began living within larger cells.
  7. 7. An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
  8. 8. A category of essential nutrient that includes sugars, starches, and dietary fiber, provides stored chemical energy for the organisms
  9. 10. Having the same solute concentration as another solution.
  10. 15. body A structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell.
  11. 17. A small, membrane-bound sac that transports subjects in and out of cells.
  12. 19. reticulum A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.
  13. 22. Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
  14. 23. Active transport process where a cell engulfs materials with a portion of the cell's plasma membrane and releases the contents inside of the cell.
  15. 26. Organism. producers, that are able to make their own food
  16. 28. A cell structure that contains nucleic acids, the chemical instructions that direct all the cell's activities.
  17. 29. transport that requires no energy, movement of molecules from high to low concentration, Moves with the concentration gradient
  18. 31. An organism, an autotroph, that can make its own food.
  19. 32. a slender threadlike structure, especially a microscopic whiplike appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc., to swim.
  20. 33. A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
  21. 34. A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
  22. 37. Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes
  23. 38. membrane A thin, phospholipid and protein molecule bilayer that encapsulates a cell and controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell through active or passive transport.
  24. 40. Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
  25. 41. Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.