Introduction to Medieval Europe

Across

3. System that developed because people needed protection and stability
5. Group that guided spiritual life and spread religious authority
7. Influence that helped stabilise Europe during chaotic times
13. Ten percent tax showing the Church’s economic power
15. Code that shaped a knight’s behaviour and values
16. Period between ancient times and the Renaissance
18. Young worker trained for years to gain specialised skills
20. Place where knowledge was preserved during political instability
21. Warriors who provided protection in exchange for land
22. Settlements that expanded due to increased commerce
23. Workers tied to land, showing limited social mobility
26. Small states formed when central Roman authority disappeared
28. Powerful landholders who governed regions for the king

Down

1. Event that triggered political fragmentation in Europe
2. System showing how medieval society was sharply divided
4. Economic centre where most medieval life occurred
5. Background information explaining why Medieval Europe formed
6. Aspect of society that shifted from land-based to trade-based
8. Organisation protecting skilled workers and setting trade standards
9. Activity that weakened feudalism as towns and markets grew
10. Group that produced food and kept society functioning
11. Place where ordinary people lived and worked
12. Institution that influenced laws, beliefs, and education
14. Strongest part of a castle, used for protection and storage
16. People who copied texts and maintained learning after Rome’s fall
17. Structure symbolising both power and defence
19. Movement that marked the end of the medieval era
24. Land reward exchanged for loyalty and military service
25. Its collapse in 476 CE created the conditions for medieval Europe
27. Figure who technically owned all land but relied on nobles