Introduction to medieval history

5. – A person who received land (fief) from a lord and owed military service and loyalty in return.
7. – The division of the Middle Ages into Early, High, and Late periods for historical study.
8. – A peasant tied to the land who worked for a lord in exchange for protection.
11. – The code of conduct for knights, emphasizing honor, loyalty, and protection of the weak.
13. – A series of religious wars sanctioned by the Church during the Middle Ages.
14. – The period of European history roughly between the 5th and 15th centuries.

1. – The lord’s estate that was the basic unit of feudal society and economy.
2. – A piece of land granted by a lord to a vassal in return for loyalty and service.
3. – A mounted warrior of the medieval period, bound by the code of chivalry.
4. – An association of craftsmen or merchants formed to protect their interests and regulate trade.
6. – Fortified residences of medieval lords that served as both homes and defense structures.
9. – A political, economic, and social system based on landholding and obligations between lords and vassals.
10. – A noble who owned land and granted fiefs to vassals.
12. – A formal ceremony in which a vassal pledged loyalty to a lord.