Islam

2. The smaller of the two main branches of Islam, who believe the caliph must be a descendant of Muhammad.
4. A title used for a Muslim sovereign or ruler, often seen in the Ottoman and Mamluk Empires.
6. A person whose ethnic origins are in the Arabian Peninsula and the surrounding territories in the Middle East and North Africa.
9. Central Asian people who migrated into the Middle East and established several powerful empires, including the Ottomans.
10. The title for the supreme political and religious leader of the Muslim community, considered a successor to Muhammad.
12. An Islamic state that ruled much of India from the 16th to the 19th centuries, famous for building the Taj Mahal.
13. The monotheistic religion whose followers are called Muslims and whose holy book is the Qur'an.

1. The title for the leader of an Arab tribe or village.
3. The large peninsula in the Middle East that is the birthplace of Islam.
5. A fertile spot in a desert where water is found, often attracting travelers and settlements.
7. The power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience.
8. A person chosen by God to deliver a message; Muhammad is considered the last and greatest one in Islam.
10. Groups of merchants or pilgrims traveling together across deserts, often using camels for transport.
11. The largest branch of Islam, who believe the caliph should be chosen by the community.
13. A state of being separate or set apart from others; for a country, avoiding alliances and international involvement.