ISLAM AND NORTH AFRICA

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Across
  1. 2. Close companion and father-in-law of Muhammad, the first caliph.
  2. 4. Fertile areas in deserts, often containing water and vegetation.
  3. 5. Founder of Islam, believed by Muslims to be the last prophet of God.
  4. 6. Ancient West African kingdom known for its gold and trade routes.
  5. 8. Holy book of Islam.
  6. 9. A person regarded as an inspired teacher or proclaimer of the will of God.
  7. 14. West African empire known for its wealth and Timbuktu.
  8. 15. Precious metal highly valued for currency and trade.
  9. 17. in Saudi Arabia, the second holiest city in Islam.
  10. 19. One of the two main branches of Islam, holding different beliefs from Sunni Muslims.
  11. 20. Capital city of Syria, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.
  12. 22. Desert animal known for its ability to endure long journeys.
  13. 23. One of the two main branches of Islam, comprising the majority of Muslims.
  14. 24. The world's largest hot desert, located in North Africa.
Down
  1. 1. Wealthy emperor of the Mali Empire, known for his pilgrimage to Mecca.
  2. 3. Cube-shaped structure in Mecca, Islam's most sacred mosque.
  3. 7. Medieval library and academy in Baghdad, a center of learning during the Islamic Golden Age.
  4. 10. Pilgrimage to Mecca, one of the Five Pillars of Islam.
  5. 11. Ancient city in Mali, known as a center of learning and trade.
  6. 12. Religion founded by Muhammad.
  7. 13. Successor to Muhammad as a political and religious leader of the Islamic community.
  8. 16. Path followed by traders carrying goods between regions or countries.
  9. 18. Cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, considered the fourth caliph by Sunni Muslims and the first imam by Shia Muslims.
  10. 19. Market or bazaar, common in Middle Eastern and North African cities.
  11. 21. Holiest city in Islam, birthplace of Muhammad.