Islam Throughout History

Across

1. Muslims believe that Christians and Jews are “People of the ____” as well as themselves.
3. Muhammad was known for his ______ as a merchant, and was even called al-Amin meaning “the trustworthy.”
7. Muhammad’s _____________ was where a horse flew him to Jerusalem, he prayed with earlier prophets, and he traveled through the seven stages of heaven and met God.
9. This is the name of the leader of the Muslim government.
10. Muslims believe that Jews, Christians, and themselves all worship the same ____.
11. This was the name of a major trading, learning, and religious center located along the Niger River.
12. This is what the journey Muhammad and his followers took to Yathrib is called, and even marks Year 0 on the Muslim calendar.
14. Muslims declare “____________,” which means God is most great, before every prayer.
16. This was the name of the angel that revealed God’s teachings and told Muhammad that he was a prophet.
17. is the city of Muhammad’s birth and the Ka’bah.
19. Hajj is the world’s largest gathering of people, and about ___________ people attend every year.
20. Caliph al-Ma’mum established the _______________ in Baghdad, so scholars could gather, research, and make new discoveries.
22. This was the name of Muhammad’s only child that had children, and her name remains one of the most popular in the world.
27. The People’s Crusade led to the killings of thousands of Jews during the Fourth Crusade, and was called the ___________________.
31. Islam traces its roots back to ________.
32. The Songhai Empire eventually fell to the Moroccans in 1591, who were led by ___________.
35. _________, also called “the Lionheart,” led the Christians in the Third Crusade, and was originally from England.
37. The Christians and Muslims fought a series of ________ for about 200 years starting in the eleventh century.
38. The fourth Pillar of Islam is _____, which is fasting during the daylight hours of Ramadan.
39. The third Pillar of Islam is _____, which is charity.
40. Four caliphs followed after Muhammad’s death, and were referred to as the “rightly ______ ones.”
43. The taking back of the Iberian Peninsula by Christians was also enforced by the harsh _________, used on anybody who claimed to have converted to Catholicism, and even included torture!
44. This is the name of Islam’s most famous philosopher.
46. This is the name of Islamic law, and Muslim’s guide on how to live based on God’s teachings and the Qur’an.
47. __________ was the prophet that founded and taught Islam.
50. Muslims suffered through a three year long _______ where Meccans refused to do business with them, and they faced starvation.
51. Muhammad’s father ________ died only six months after his birth, and was married to Aminah, Muhammad’s mother.
54. This was the name of the powerful empire that played a key role in spreading Islam throughout West Africa, and was led by Mansa Musa.

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2. The wife of Muhammad, the owner of the trading caravan he worked for, and the first convert of Islam was named _________.
4. The ______ is the record of all the proven reports of Muhammad setting the example of how one should live.
5. The second Pillar of Islam is _____, which is daily ritual prayer, and emphasizes religious discipline, spirituality, and closeness to God.
6. A schism formed in Islam when two groups called the _________________ had a major disagreement over who the rightful caliph should be.
8. This is the name of the strongest, earliest leader of the Mongols during their conquests that eventually covered the largest empire the world had ever seen up until then.
13. Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain ordered the __________ to recapture and purify their lands. This meant the exile of all Jews, Muslims, and any followers of other religions besides Christianity.
15. The Christians and Muslims were mainly fighting over a strip of land holy to both, named Palestine, or the Holy Land, which included _________.
18. Muhammad delivered his ___________ in 632 in his last pilgrimage to Mecca, and died shortly after his return to Medina.
21. The city of Constantinople eventually fell to the Muslim ________ Empire in 1453.
23. The uncle of Muhammad, his protector, a successful merchant, and the leader of the Hashim clan was named _________.
24. After conquering certain cities, some Crusaders would stay behind, and establish ________________.
25. The Muslims, specifically ___________, invented the idea of algebra, and he is even regarded as “the father of algebra.”
26. This is the term that literally means “to strive,” and also means a “physical struggle with spiritual significance or evil."
28. This is the name of the person who calls out the call to prayer from the top of a minaret.
29. Muslims mean “those who _________ to God.”
30. Caliph al-Mansur moved the capital of the Muslim empire from Damascus to a village located along the Tigris River called _______.
33. This was the name of the leader of the Muslims in the Third Crusade, who also united most of the Muslim lands, and was one of the Muslim’s greatest leaders of all time.
34. The first Pillar of Islam is ________, which is where one declares their faith by stating “I bear witness that there is no god but God, and Muhammad is the messenger of God.”
36. The ______ is the Islamic holy book.
41. Genghis Khan’s grandson, ___________extended the Mongol Empire to the largest it ever was, and became the first foreign emperor of the whole country of China.
42. Muslims are called to prayer ____ times a day.
45. Between 622 and 630, _______ broke out between the Meccans and Muslims, and the Muslims ended up winning and conquering Mecca.
47. A ______ is the Muslim house of worship.
48. The fifth Pillar of Islam is ____, which is a pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca, Muhammad’s birthplace, at least once in a Muslim’s life.
49. ______ was Muhammad’s new home after he was forced from Mecca, formally known as Yathrib.
52. This is the name of the whole Islamic community.
53. This is the Muslim name of God.