Isms

2. A post-WWII philosophy asserting that life has no inherent meaning, and therefore individuals must create their own purpose.
4. The idea that people sharing the same language, history, and culture should have their own independent, sovereign state.
5. A post-WWII social trend defining society by the mass purchasing of manufactured goods.
8. A 19th-century rebellion against the cold rationality of the Enlightenment, emphasizing intense emotion, nature, and history.
10. An economic system championed by Adam Smith based on free markets, competition, and private ownership.
11. State-driven economic policy designed to amass wealth via favorable trade balances and the exploitation of colonies.
12. A political system where a monarch holds total power, usually justified by divine right.
13. The intellectual movement of the Renaissance focusing on classical antiquity, human potential, and the liberal arts.
15. Extreme right-wing totalitarianism characterized by aggressive nationalism, militarism, and anti-communism.

1. A late 19th-century Jewish nationalist movement seeking a sovereign homeland in response to rising anti-Semitism.
3. An ideology championed by Metternich at the Congress of Vienna desiring traditional monarchs, established churches, and the status quo.
6. Scientific socialism predicting the inevitable violent overthrow of the bourgeoisie by the proletariat.
7. An Enlightenment belief comparing God to a "clockmaker" who created the universe but does not actively intervene in daily life.
9. The radical belief that all forms of government are inherently oppressive and must be destroyed.
14. A Renaissance focus on the material world here and now, rather than just the spiritual realm.