Ivan Van - REVIEW ASSIGNMENT: PERIODS 6-9 1

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Across
  1. 1. an Black American initiative that aimed to achieve a "double" victory during World War II. The two objectives were victory in the war abroad and victory against discrimination on the home front.
  2. 3. An economic system in which transactions between private groups of people are free from or almost free from any form of economic interventionism such as regulation and subsidies.
  3. 11. The single most influential book in naval strategy. Its policies were quickly adopted by most major navies, ultimately leading to the World War I naval arms race. It is also cited as one of the contributing factors of the United States becoming a great power.
  4. 13. A research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons.
  5. 17. An explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions.
  6. 18. A group of writers, poets, and musicians during the 1920s, often characterized by the similar themes discussed in their work, such as disillusionment in the post-World War I society, loss of identity and tradition, and an uncertainty of the future.
  7. 19. An Amendment that applied that alcohol is illegal. (prohibition)
  8. 24. The first major labor organization in the United States. They organized unskilled and skilled workers, campaigned for an eight hour workday, and aspired to form a cooperative society in which laborers owned the industries in which they worked.
  9. 26. A legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the freedom of speech protection could be restricted if the words spoken or printed represented to society a “clear and present danger.”
  10. 29. The second world-wide war that begun after Germany's new leader, Adolf Hitler, invaded Poland. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers and forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers
  11. 35. A series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1939 to combat the Great Depression.
  12. 37. A secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico if the United States entered World War I against Germany.
  13. 39. A June 1972 break-in to the Democratic National Committee headquarters led to an investigation that revealed multiple abuses of power by the Nixon administration. The caused major distrust in the government by the American public.
  14. 40. A surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States, leading to the entrance of the US into WWII.
  15. 41. A labor union with the goal to organize all of the workers of the nation into the single union and then work to abolish the capitalist system. Earned the nickname, "I won't work" during WWI.
  16. 42. the oldest American agricultural advocacy group with a national scope, in the United States that encourages families to band together to promote the economic and political well-being of the community and agriculture.
  17. 45. Instead of trying to reshape the fundamental institutions of American life, as some of the more radical union activists were trying to do, this union focused on securing for its members higher wages, better working conditions, and a shorter work week.
  18. 47. When a business grows by acquiring a similar company in their industry at the same point of the supply chain.
  19. 49. A philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of socioeconomic order structured upon the ideas of common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money, and the state.
  20. 50. A resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan that focused on nativism; immigrants and “outsiders".
  21. 51. In order to punish Germany after WWI, this treaty forced Germany to surrender colonies in Africa, Asia and the Pacific; cede territory to other nations like France and Poland; reduce the size of its military; pay war reparations to the Allied countries; and accept guilt for the war.
  22. 54. A term coined in World War I to describe the type of post traumatic stress disorder many soldiers were afflicted with during the war (before PTSD was termed).
  23. 56. a socialist state that spanned most of Europe and Asia during its existence from 1922 to 1991. It was the first country to declare itself socialist and build towards a communist society.
  24. 58. A period of ideological and geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union, and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, after World War II.
  25. 59. A period of time of widespread fear of Communism that happened just after the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution and during WW1, when people were very patriotic and social agitation of left-wingers further aggravated the political, national and social tensions.
  26. 61. a legal arrangement with regard to agricultural land in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on that land. Made similar positions close to slavery.
  27. 62. A form of news that present little or no legitimate, well-researched news while instead using eye-catching headlines for increased sales. Techniques may include exaggerations of news events, scandal-mongering, or sensationalism.
  28. 64. An international diplomatic group developed after World War I as a way to solve disputes between countries before they erupted into open warfare. Ultimately failed due to the nonparticipation of the United States.
  29. 65. A book that argued the side effects of pesticides such as DDT and launched the environmentalists movement by pointing out the effects of civilization development. It would lead to the creation of the Clean Air Act, Earth Day, and the EPA.
  30. 67. Young women known for their energetic freedom, embracing a lifestyle viewed by many at the time as outrageous, immoral or downright dangerous. Now considered the first generation of independent American women, this cultural shift pushed barriers in economic, political and sexual freedom for women.
  31. 68. Immigrants that were generally poor, unskilled, and came from Northern and Western Europe from 1880s to 1920.
  32. 69. A system of allowing the unrestricted currency of two metals (e.g. gold and silver) as legal tender at a fixed ratio to each other.
  33. 71. The forced relocation and incarceration in concentration camps in the western interior of the country of about 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry, most of whom lived on the Pacific Coast.
  34. 72. When a business expands by acquiring another company that operates before or after them in the supply chain.
Down
  1. 2. A law that made it a crime when someone willfully interferes with U.S. war efforts by conveying false information about the war, obstructing U.S. recruitment or enlistment efforts, or inciting insubordination, disloyalty, ormutiny.
  2. 3. An organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests.
  3. 4. A party organization, headed by a single boss or small autocratic group, that commands enough votes to maintain political and administrative control of a city, county, or state.
  4. 5. A period of political and social revolution across the territory of the Russian Empire, which brought about the transformation of the Russian Empire into the Soviet Union (USSR), replacing Russia's traditional monarchy with the world's first Communist state.
  5. 6. The organization of several businesses in the same industry and by joining forces, the trust controls production and distribution of a product or service, thereby limiting competition.
  6. 7. An Act of the United States Congress that extended the Espionage Act of 1917 to cover a broader range of offenses, notably speech and the expression of opinion that cast the government or the war effort in a negative light or interfered with the sale of government bonds.
  7. 8. A spiritual movement that arose among Western American Indians. Started through a prophecy of an end to white expansion while preaching goals of clean living, an honest life, and cross-cultural cooperation by Native Americans.
  8. 9. A voting method in which a voter's choices in an election or a referendum are anonymous. This forestalls attempts to influence the voter by intimidation, blackmailing, and potential vote buying.
  9. 10. A left-wing agrarian party and was America's first major third parties. It's primary goal was to increase inflation through the unlimited coinage of silver. (called the Free Silver Policy.)
  10. 12. Cuban revolutionaries intercepted the letter from the mail and released it to the Hearst press, this letter helped generate public support for a war with Spain over the issue of independence for the Spanish colony of Cuba.
  11. 14. An Amendment that applied graduated income tax. (higher income means more tax)
  12. 15. An armed engagement between combined forces of the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes and the 7th Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army.
  13. 16. Theories of which applied biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology, economics, and politics
  14. 19. An Amendment that applied women’s suffrage.
  15. 20. A position that the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces (or basically saying against communism).
  16. 21. A period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States of America that spanned the 1890s to the 1920s. Participants were typically middle-class society women or Christian ministers.
  17. 22. A world-wide war that began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. Resulting in a conflict between the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire) and the Allied Powers (Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Japan and the United States).
  18. 23. A landmark decision made by the U.S. Supreme Court that codified the constitutional doctrine for racial segregation laws. "Separate but equal".
  19. 25. An era of rapid economic growth, especially in the Northern and Western United States. Coined due to enrichment of economy but corruption in politics.
  20. 27. American foreign policy in the Cold War intent on stopping the spread of communism. (Coined by Kennan)
  21. 28. A severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States.
  22. 30. State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.
  23. 31. A book that argued and gave voice to millions of American women's frustrations with their limited gender roles and helped spark widespread public activism for gender equality.
  24. 32. Immigrants that came to the U.S. and were generally wealthy, educated, skilled, and were from southern and eastern Europe during the 1820s to 1870s.
  25. 33. The state policy, practice, or advocacy of extending power and dominion, especially by direct territorial acquisition or by gaining political and economic control of other over-sea territories and peoples.
  26. 34. The process of adopting the language and culture of a dominant social group or nation, or the state of being socially integrated into the culture of the dominant group in a society.
  27. 36. An intellectual and cultural revival of African American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater and politics centered in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, spanning the 1920s and 1930s.
  28. 38. A post-World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union to discuss the postwar reorganization of Germany and Europe.
  29. 43. The exclusive possession or control of the supply of or trade in a commodity or service.
  30. 44. A massacre of nearly three hundred Lakota people by soldiers of the United States Army.
  31. 46. A 3-month war between the US and Spain, that started through America's support the ongoing struggle by Cubans and Filipinos against Spanish rule, and the mysterious explosion of the battleship U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor. Was called "A Splendid Little War".
  32. 48. After Pearl Harbor, Japanese and Japanese Americans in the US were interned in camps for the rest of the war due to this executive order. These camps were on the west coast.
  33. 52. A proxy war officially fought between Communist North Vietnam (backed by China and the USSR) and Noncommunist South Vietnam (backed by US). Main reasoning was to prevent communism from spreading to other countries.
  34. 53. A set of domestic programs in the United States launched by Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964–65. The main goal was the total elimination of poverty and racial injustice. New major spending programs that addressed education, medical care, urban problems, rural poverty, and transportation were launched during this period.
  35. 55. A military alliance of Western European powers and the United States and Canada established to defend against the common threat from the Soviet Union, marking a giant stride forward for European unity and American internationalism.
  36. 57. A policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries.
  37. 58. Delivered by William Jennings Bryan, this speech advocated bimetallism by bring religion into the Gold and Silver Standard debate.
  38. 60. An expansion to the Truman Doctrine and American initiative passed in 1948 for foreign aid to Western Europe. It's goals were to rebuild war-torn regions, remove trade barriers, modernize industry, improve European prosperity, and prevent the spread of communism.
  39. 63. A civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 as an interracial endeavor to advance justice for African Americans.
  40. 66. The period from late winter through early autumn of 1919 during which white supremacist terrorism and racial riots took place in more than three dozen cities across the United States.
  41. 70. An Amendment that applied direct election of senators. (previously senators were elected by state legislatures)