JACKSON ERA ....... STEVEN RYAN HERLAMB

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Across
  1. 4. Caucus Until 1820, presidential candidates were nominated by caucuses of the 2 parties in Congress, but in 1824, this idea was overthrown.
  2. 5. Quincy Adams Elected president in the elction of 1824. He was very cold, but very moral. Harsh, judgemental, and smart. He wanted fair treatment of Indians.
  3. 9. Term the North used to describe the slaveholding South and its "schemes" to gain more slave-land.
  4. 11. of United States Henry Clay and Nicholas Biddle supported a Bill to recharter the bank 4 years earlier than it was due, hoping for it to become a problem in the upcoming election. Jackson vetoed the bill, increasing his popularity. Because his popularity increased, Jackson thought the people wanted the bank destroyed so instead of waiting for it to expire, Jackson withdrew federal deposits from the bank, and in 1836 the charter expired.
  5. 13. of 1828 Jackson's election showed shift of political power to "the common man."
  6. 15. Andrew the First After President Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act of 1830, his opponents dubbed him "King Andrew," suggesting he abuses his power in the name of the people.
  7. 16. Indians Seminole War:
  8. 18. President of the 2nd Bank of the U.S. He made the bank's loan policy stricter and testified that, although the bank had enormous power, it didn't destroy small banks.
  9. 21. Travis Commanded the garrison at the Alamo; important in rallying the men to continue fighting.
  10. 22. Buren A Democratic-Republican Senator from New York, rallied the factory workers of the North in support of Jackson. He became Jackson's V.P. after Calhoun resigned. NY politics at that time was controlled by a clique of wealthy land-owners known as the Albany Regency, and he became the leader
  11. 23. of 1833 Provided for a gradual lowering of duties and the Force Bill which authorized the president to use arms to collect customs duties in South Carolina. Jackson signed it- he would do what he had to keep SC in the U.S.
  12. 26. Eaton/Eaton Affair Social scandal (1829-1831)- John Eaton, Secretary of War, stayed with the Timberlakes when in Washington, and there were rumors of his affair with Peggy Timberlake even before her husband died in 1828. Many cabinet members snubbed the socially unacceptable Mrs. Eaton. Jackson sided with the Eatons, and the affair helpted to dissolve the cabinet- especially those members associated with John C. Calhoun (V.P.) who was against the Eatons and had other problems with Jackson.
  13. 28. thAndrew Jackson He was a lawyer, judge, member of the House of Representatives, a senator, Supreme Court judge, Major General, Democratic President for 2 terms. He believed in equality and the "Common Man." (1767-1845)
  14. 30. Former Governor of Tennesse and an adopted member of the Cherokee Indian tribe, Houston settled in Texas after being sent there by President Jackson to negotriate with the local Indians. Appointed commander of the TX army in 1835, he led them to victory at San Jacinto, where they were outnumbered 2 to 1. He was President of the Republic of TX and advocated TX joining the Union in 1845. He lateer served as U.S. Senator and Gov. of TX, but was removed from the governorship in 1861 for refusing to ratify TX joining the Confederacy. (1793-1863)
  15. 31. idea of widening political power to more of the people
  16. 32. A dictator of Mexico, he led the attack on the Alamo in 1836. He was later defeated by Sam Houston at San Jacinto.
  17. 33. Road 1830- The Maysville Road Bill proposed building a road in Kentucky (Clay's state), at federal expense. Jackson vetoed it because he didn't like Clay and Martin Van Buren pointed out that New York and Pennsylvania paid for their transportation improvements with state money. Jackson applied strict interpretation of the Constitution by saying that the federal gov. could not pay for internal improvements.
  18. 34. Amendment The 12th Amendment is the revision of presidential election procedures. The "corrupt bargain" violated the 12th amendment.
  19. 36. Bill A bill passed by Martin Van Buren in 1837, that divorced the gov. from banking all together, and established an independent treasury, so the gov. could lock its money in vaults in several of the larger cities.
  20. 37. that begain in Florida in 1817 between the Seminole Indians and the U.S. army when the Seminoles resisted removal.
  21. 38. Bargain" When Henry Clay threw all of his support to Adams, Adams promised Clay the Secretary of State position- almost guaranteed the presidency in the following election.
  22. 39. Democracy New fashion of gov.; common white man's gov.- all white men could vote; belief in power to the people.
  23. 40. In 1822, He founded the 1st settlement of Americans in Texas. In 1833, he was sent by the colonists to negotiate with the Mexican gov. for Texan independence and was imprisoned in Mexico until 1835, when he returned to TX and became the commander of the settlers' army in the TX Revolution. (1793-1836)
  24. 42. Carolina Exposition A document written by Calhoun (in secret) that protested the tariff of 1828.
  25. 43. Bill Bill that says Congress is authorized to use the miilitary against belligerent states. South Carolina nullified it.
  26. 44. Star Republic/State In September 1836, Texans raised a flag with a 1 single star. The nickname of TX was the Lone Star Republic and it was an independent nation. Sam Houston was elected President of the Lone Star Republic.
Down
  1. 1. A party that was created and united under hatred/disagreement with the Democrats.
  2. 2. A noted hunter from Tennesse. He was a member of TN State Legislature, a member of U.S. Congress, and famous for being a heroic participant in the Battle of the Alamo. (1786-1836)
  3. 3. of 1837 A series of financial failures (due to Jackson and the Specie Circular), that led to an economic depression.
  4. 4. Cabinet A group of unofficial advisers to Andrew Jackson who met with him in the White House kitchen since he disagreed with his actual cabinet.
  5. 6. Andrew Jackson received the nickname when he was a Major General in the U.S. during the War of 1812 because he was 'tough as hickory.'
  6. 7. Political party which favored state's rights and weaker central gov.- followers of Jackson (more like today's democrats).
  7. 8. "Corrupt Bargain." He had supported J.Q. Adams in the House of Representatives presidential vote in return for the office of Secretary of State. Clay knew he couldn't win, so he traded his votes for an office.
  8. 10. definition: uniting
  9. 12. Refusal by a state to recognize or enforce a federal law within its boundaries.
  10. 14. Common Man President Jackson was known as the common man, because he was not a wealthy, well-educated man and he generally favored policies that benefitted the common man, (who were mostly farmers) and was against interest of the eastern merchant classes.
  11. 16. Circular Jackson issued a proclomation which provided that after Aug. 15th, 1836, specie was to be accepted in payment for public lands. He hoped that the Specie Circular would reverse the damaging effects of the Deposit Act of 1836.
  12. 17. Tyler Elected V.P. and became the 10th President of the U.S. when Harrison died.
  13. 19. Webster When he was Senator of Massachusetts, he supported President Jackson in 1833 to suppress South Carolina's attempt to nullify the tariff, but Webster and other opponents of Jackson (Whigs) battled him on other issues, including his attack on the National Bank. Webster ran for the presidency in 1836 as one of 3 Whig party candidates, but carried only MA.
  14. 20. Hawk Chief of the Sauk tribe. In the early 1830's, white settlers in western Illinois and eastern Iowa placed great pressure on Native American people to move west of the Mississippi River. Native American tribes visited Chief Black Hawk, and he lead a rebellion against the U.S. The war started in IL and spread to the Wisconsin Territory. It ended in August 1832 when IL militia slaughtered more than 200 Sauk and Fox people.
  15. 24. son" In American politics, presidential candidates who are nominated by their own state, primarily out of local loyalty.
  16. 25. He was a lawyer, member of the House of Representatives, member of Congress, Secretary of War under President Monroe, V.P. under President J.Q. Adams, V.P. under President Jackson, Secretary of State under President Tyler. He was a pro-slavery southern plantation owner and most famous for his role in the pre-Civil War debate over state's rights.
  17. 27. Vesey He was accused of being the leader of a secret plot to rebel against slave owners and other whites in Charleston, SC. (1767-1822)
  18. 29. in Office Jackson believed "Any white man of average intelligence can do any job;" all men should get a chance to hold office at least to see what it's like; Jackson rotated men to keep them on their toes, (so they didn't get too much power).
  19. 31. of 1824 Adams, Jackson, Crawford, Clay, Calhoun. Calhoun drops out because Jackson promised him vice presidency. Jackson had plurality not majority. Crawford had a stroke and Clay dropped out leaving Adams and Jackson. Adams won.
  20. 35. decides to secede from Mexico and attempts to declare its independence which eventually lead to our adoption of the land as a state although it was feared that it would cause conflict with Mexico leading to war. Southern states in support of this as TX brought slaves with it meaning it would increase agricultural profits. The North feared the slavery therefore, they were against it.
  21. 41. System Public offices given as a reward for political support.