Jacksonian American - Market Revolution

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Across
  1. 2. Confrontation between the state of South Carolina and the federal government in 1832-33 over the former's attempt to declare null and void within the state the federal Tariffs of 1828 and 1832. The resolution of the nullification crisis in favor of the federal government helped to undermine the nullification doctrine, the constitutional theory that upheld the right of states to nullify federal acts within their boundaries.
  2. 6. National bank organized in 1816; closely modeled after the 1st Bank of the United States, it held federal tax receipts and regulated the amount of money circulating in the economy. The Bank proved to be very unpopular among western land speculators and farmers, especially after the Panic of 1819.
  3. 11. AKA - Florida Purchase Treaty and the Transcontinental Treaty, under its terms, the United States paid Spain $5 million for Florida, Spain recognized America's claims to the Oregon Country, and the United States surrendered its claim to northern Mexico (Texas).
  4. 13. The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans. As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers. His presidency was known as the "era of the common man."
  5. 15. AKA – American Party – which had an hatred toward immigrants (Nativism). They merged with the Whigs, Free – Soil Party, & Northern Democrats to form the Republican Party.
  6. 16. Textile mill located in a factory town in Massachusetts that employed farm girls who lived in company-owned boardinghouses.
  7. 19. Son of President John Adams and secretary of state who helped purchase Florida and formulate the Monroe Doctrine and president who supported an activist government and economic nationalism; Defeated Jackson in the Corrupt Bargain - Jackson defeated his bid for a second term in 1828, he continued to serve America as a member of Congress.
  8. 23. Agreement between presidential candidates Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams during the disputed election of 1824; Clay threw his support to Adams in the House of Representatives, which decided the election, and in return, Adams appointed Clay secretary of state. Andrew Jackson, who had a plurality (but not a majority) of the popular and electoral votes, believed he had been cheated out of the presidency.
  9. 25. Jacksonian Democrats and Whigs.
  10. 27. Native American nations—the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole—that were considered civilized by Anglo-European settlers during the colonial and early federal period because they adopted many of the colonists' customs and had generally good relations with their neighbors.
  11. 28. The ideal woman that there were two different spheres for men and women. Women would be the care-giver of the children, maintain the house and men would make the money.
  12. 31. Vice President under both John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson; he wrote Exposition and Protest and led the nullification fight in 1832 and 1833. As senator and vice president, he was the leading voice for southern states' rights from 1828 to 1850.
  13. 33. Started after Missouri wanted to join the union as a state in 1819. Slavery was well established there but Representative James Tallmadge Jr. of New York proposed an amendment to the Missouri statehood bill that would prohibit the further introduction of slaves into Missouri and provide for the gradual emancipation of those already there.
  14. 34. Jackson was determined to destroy the Bank of the United States because he thought it was too powerful. He felt the Bank was unconstitutional and only benefited the rich., the name given to Andrew Jackson's attack on the Second Bank of the United States during the early years of his presidency.
  15. 35. 1803 - establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review.
  16. 36. Invented by Samuel Slater, a method of manufacturing first adopted in England at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the 1750s. It included the idea of the assembly line and that all parts needed for a product would be made all in one place.
Down
  1. 1. 1819 - New Hampshire had attempted to take over Dartmouth College by revising its colonial charter. The Court ruled that the charter was protected under the contract clause of the U. S. Constitution; upholds the sanctity of contracts.
  2. 3. A treaty resolving several border issues between the U.S. and the British North American colonies, particularly a dispute over the location of the Maine-New Brunswick border.
  3. 4. Dramatic increase between 1820 and 1850 in the exchange of goods and services in market transactions. Resulted from the combo impact of the increased output of farms and factories, the entrepreneurial activities of traders and merchants, and the development of a transportation network of roads, canals and RR.
  4. 5. Landmark case in which the Supreme Court struck down a New York law that granted a monopoly to certain steamboats operating between NY and NJ; the ruling expanded the powers the Constitution gave Congress to regulate interstate commerce. It was another of the cases during this period whereby the Supreme Court expanded federal power and limited states' rights.
  5. 7. Hatred to immigrants.
  6. 8. Political party formed in 1832 in opposition to Andrew Jackson; led by Henry Clay, it opposed executive usurpation (a strong president) and advocated rechartering the National Bank, distributing western lands, raising the tariff, and funding internal improvements. It broke apart over the slavery issue in the early 1850s.
  7. 9. Supreme Court Case that stated “The Power to Tax is the Power to Kill” – Prevented the states from being able to tax the Federal Gov’t.
  8. 10. Practice of appointing people to government positions as a reward for their loyalty and political support. Widely used during Andrew Jackson’s Presidency.
  9. 12. Invented by Eli Whitney – allowed people to buy parts instead of completely buying something new after a part broke. – Cookie – Cutter Pieces
  10. 14. Forced march of 16,000 Cherokee Indians from their Georgia and Alabama homes to Indian Territory. Some 4,000 Cherokee died on the arduous journey.
  11. 17. A protective tariff passed by Congress on May 19, 1828. It was designed to protect industry in the northern United States. It was called _____________________by southerners because of the effects it had on the antebellum Southern economy. The main goal was to protect industries in the northern US (which was being harmed directly by business by low-priced imported goods) by putting a ta on them. The South was harmed by having to pay higher prices on goods that they could not produce themselves, reducing the exportation of British goods to the US made it difficult for British to pay for the cotton they imported from the South. The reaction in the South, particularly South Carolina, would lead to the Nullification Crisis that began in late 1832.
  12. 18. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1836 to 1864; supported slavery laws and delivered the majority opinion on Dred Scott v. Sanford.
  13. 20. Established by Henry Clay - the agreement had 3 parts: (1) Missouri became the 12th slave state;(2) to maintain the balance between free states and slave states in Congress, Maine became the 12th free state;(3) the Louisiana territory was divided at 36 - 30', with the Northern part closed to slavery and the southern area allowing slavery. Significance – Slavery becomes the # 1 issues in Politics up to the Civil War.
  14. 21. Speaker of the House during the time of President Monroe. Leader of the Whig Party – Opponent to Andrew Jackson. He also became a presidential candidate in 1824, and he spoke of his "American System." He endorsed John Quincy Adams when the House had to choose among the 3 candidates with the most electoral votes (Jackson, Adams, and Crawford). Adams won (Corrupt Bargain), and he named him his Secretary of State.
  15. 22. A tax on imported goods - used to create revenue and/or protect Infant (New) Industries.
  16. 24. Invented the Telegraph.
  17. 26. Henry Clay's idea that advocated government encouragement of economic development through protective tariffs, federally funded internal improvements and the 2nd BUS.
  18. 29. Pass under James Monroe but written by JQA – Stated that Europeans should stay out of the Western Hemisphere and the U.S. would stay out of the Eastern Hemisphere. Becomes the focus of U.S. Foreign Policy for future presidents.
  19. 30. Supreme Court reversed itself and ruled that the State of Georgia could not control the Cherokee within their territory.
  20. 32. Signed by President Andrew Jackson, the law permitted the negotiation of treaties to obtain the Indians' lands in exchange for their relocation to what would become Oklahoma.