Jacksonian vocab

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Across
  1. 3. Andrew Jackson’s nickname, earned for his toughness as an army general during the War of 1812.
  2. 5. The 19th-century belief that the United States was destined by God to expand its territory across North America, from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.
  3. 8. The political movement toward greater democracy for the "common man," characterized by universal white male suffrage, a strong executive branch, and the rise of the Democratic Party.
  4. 10. The legal theory that states have the right to declare federal laws null and void (invalid) if they are seen as unconstitutional.
  5. 12. An informal group of advisors to President Jackson, consisting of trusted friends and newspaper editors, who met in the White House kitchen rather than the official cabinet.
  6. 14. The practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs, defended by Jackson as bringing accountability to government ("rotation in office").
  7. 15. The forced, deadly migration of Native Americans, particularly the Cherokee, in 1838–1839. Approximately 4,000–8,000 Cherokees died from exposure, disease, and starvation.
  8. 16. To formally withdraw from the Union, a threat made by South Carolina during the Nullification Crisis.
Down
  1. 1. The average American citizen—farmers, mechanics, and laborers—who was championed by Jackson as the backbone of the nation, contrasting with the wealthy, educated elite.
  2. 2. act (1830) A law signed by Jackson that authorized the forced relocation of Native American tribes from the southeastern U.S. to land west of the Mississippi River (modern Oklahoma).
  3. 4. A phrase coined by Jackson supporters to describe the 1824 election, where they alleged Henry Clay convinced the House of Representatives to elect John Quincy Adams in exchange for becoming Secretary of state
  4. 6. An intense campaign tactic involving personal attacks and character assassination, which was widely used in the election of 1828 between Jackson and Adams.
  5. 7. The political struggle between Jackson and congress over the recharter of the Second Bank of the United States. Jackson vetoed the charter in 1832, believing the bank was an unconstitutional monopoly that benefited elites.
  6. 9. The 1832-1833 showdown between South Carolina and the federal government over high tariffs. South Carolina declared federal tariffs void within its borders, arguing that states could reject federal laws, to which Jackson responded with a threat of military force.
  7. 11. The constitutional power to reject a bill passed by Congress; Jackson used it more than all previous presidents combined to stop legislation he deemed unconstitutional or harmful, such as the Bank renewal.
  8. 13. State banks selected by Jackson to receive government funds after he removed them from the Second Bank of the United States.