Jacksonian Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 3. an intense political battle led by President Andrew Jackson against the Second Bank of the United States. Jackson deemed the bank an unconstitutional "monster" monopoly that favored elites. He successfully destroyed it by vetoing its recharter in 1832 and removing federal funds, resulting in a decentralized banking system and significant economic impact.
  2. 5. Withdraw formally from membership of a federal union, an alliance, or a political or religious organization.
  3. 7. A controversial 1824 US presidential election deal where Speaker of the House Henry Clay allegedly secured votes for John Quincy Adams in the House of Representatives, in exchange for becoming Secretary of State. Andrew Jackson's supporters labeled it "corrupt" because Jackson won the popular vote.
  4. 9. The formal act of rendering something null, void, or invalid, effectively counteracting its power. It most commonly refers to a legal or political theory where a state or entity refuses to enforce federal laws it deems unconstitutional. It also applies to juries disregarding evidence to acquit defendants.
  5. 10. An ordinary, average person who lacks high social status, noble rank, or significant wealth.
  6. 11. The practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters.
  7. 12. The nickname for Andrew Jackson, the 7th U.S. President and a War of 1812 general, symbolizing his toughness, and unyielding nature, similar to hickory wood. It highlights his reputation as a durable, "hard-as-nails" leader who endured hardships alongside his soldiers.
  8. 13. Unofficial group of trusted advisors, newspaper editors, and personal friends consulted by President Andrew Jackson (1829–1837).
  9. 14. The 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.
  10. 15. A constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body.
  11. 16. Authorized the federal government to negotiate treaties forcing Native American tribes living east of the Mississippi River—primarily in the South—to exchange their lands for territory in the West.
Down
  1. 1. The forced, often deadly relocations of approximately 60,000 to 100,000 Native Americans from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States to designated "Indian Territory" (present-day Oklahoma) between 1830 and 1850.
  2. 2. The use of insults and accusations, especially unjust ones, with the aim of damaging the reputation of an opponent.
  3. 4. A constitutional showdown between South Carolina and the federal government over high protective tariffs. South Carolina declared federal tariffs "null and void," asserting states' rights to veto federal laws, prompting President Jackson to threaten force. The crisis ended with a compromise tariff and revealed deep sectional
  4. 6. State-chartered banks selected by the Andrew Jackson administration in 1833 to receive federal deposits removed from the Second Bank of the United States.
  5. 8. A 19th-century political ideology (roughly 1820s–1840s) emphasizing the "common man," expanding voting rights to all white males, and promoting limited federal power.