Judicial Branch

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Across
  1. 4. The requirement that trials must be open to the public to ensure fairness.
  2. 7. An agreement where the defendant pleads guilty in exchange for a lesser sentence or reduced charges.
  3. 9. The Fifth Amendment protection against being tried twice for the same crime.
  4. 12. Money paid to secure the release of a defendant before trial, ensuring they return for court proceedings.
  5. 13. The authority of a court to hear a case first, before any other court.
  6. 15. The highest federal court in the United States, consisting of nine justices.
  7. 17. A court hearing where the defendant is formally charged and enters a plea.
  8. 18. The standard of proof in criminal cases, requiring near certainty of guilt.
  9. 20. A written explanation of a court's decision in a case.
  10. 23. The person or party being accused or sued in a court case.
  11. 27. A jury that is unbiased and makes decisions based on evidence presented.
  12. 28. Legal requirement that the government must respect all legal rights owed to a person.
  13. 31. A formal charge issued by a grand jury accusing someone of a crime.
  14. 33. The authority of a court to review decisions made by lower courts.
  15. 34. The person or party who brings a lawsuit in a civil case.
  16. 36. A request for a higher court to review and possibly overturn a lower court’s decision.
  17. 37. A group of citizens who review evidence and determine whether criminal charges should be filed.
  18. 38. The rights read to an arrested person, including the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney.
  19. 39. Guarantees a speedy trial, public trial, impartial jury, and right to counsel.
Down
  1. 1. Protects against self-incrimination, double jeopardy, and guarantees due process.
  2. 2. The act of implicating oneself in a crime; protected against by the Fifth Amendment.
  3. 3. The standard of proof in civil cases, meaning "more likely than not."
  4. 5. The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, protecting individual liberties.
  5. 6. Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures without a warrant.
  6. 8. A court order requiring a witness to testify or produce evidence.
  7. 10. Guarantees freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.
  8. 11. Grants equal protection under the law and extends due process to state actions.
  9. 14. Punishments prohibited by the Eighth Amendment, including excessive fines and torture.
  10. 16. The power of courts to declare laws or government actions unconstitutional.
  11. 19. The Sixth Amendment guarantee that a defendant has the right to an attorney.
  12. 21. A court-appointed attorney who represents defendants who cannot afford legal counsel.
  13. 22. Protects against cruel and unusual punishment and excessive bail.
  14. 24. The constitutional right to a prompt trial, preventing unnecessary detention.
  15. 25. A previous court decision that serves as a rule or guide for future cases.
  16. 26. The obligation to prove one's assertion; in criminal cases, the prosecution must prove guilt "beyond a reasonable doubt."
  17. 29. The body of law that deals with crimes and punishments, including felonies and misdemeanors.
  18. 30. The body of law that deals with disputes between individuals or organizations, typically involving compensation.
  19. 32. The authority of a court to hear and decide a case.
  20. 35. The legal team that represents the government in a criminal case against a defendant.