kd

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Across
  1. 4. unwanted waste material created during mining
  2. 7. the mechanical breakdown of rocks and minerals
  3. 9. the least weathered soil horizon, which occurs beneath the B horizon
  4. 12. the ability of a particular soil to absorb and release cations
  5. 13. a horizontal layer in a soil defined by distinctive physical features such as texture and color
  6. 16. precipitation high in sulfuric acid and nitric acid from reactions between water vapor and sulfur and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere
  7. 18. the physical removal of rock fragments from a landscape or ecosystem
  8. 20. a concentrated accumulation of minerals from which economically valuable materials can be extracted
  9. 21. a mining technique that creates a large visible pit or hole in the ground
  10. 23. the process of looking for minerals, metals, and precious stones in river sediments
  11. 24. frequently the top layer of soil, a zone of organic material and minerals that have been mixed together
  12. 25. an element with properties that allow it to conduct electricity and heat energy
Down
  1. 1. the average concentration of an element in Earth's crust
  2. 2. the removal of strips of soil and rock to expose ore
  3. 3. mining techniques used when the desired resource is more than 100 m below the surface of the Earth
  4. 5. the loss of some or all of a soil's ability to support plant growth
  5. 6. the breakdown of rocks and minerals by chemical reactions, the dissolving of chemical elements from rocks, or both
  6. 8. the most fully decomposed organic matter in the lowest section of the O horizon
  7. 10. the proportion of soil bases to soil acids, expressed as a percentage
  8. 11. the organic horizon at the surface of many soils
  9. 14. a soil horizon composed primarily of mineral material with very little organic matter
  10. 15. a mining technique in which the entire top of a mountain is removed with explosives
  11. 17. in resource management, the known quality of a resource that can be economically recovered
  12. 19. a zone of leaching found in some acidic soils under the O horizon or sometimes the A horizon
  13. 22. the underlying rock material from which the inorganic components of a soil are derived