Key Concepts - Chapters 1+2

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Across
  1. 3. Behavior is shaped through positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement.
  2. 5. The following types of ________ knowledge: 1. Questions of proof, which could be written down and analyzed, replaced questions of argumentation (rhetoric). 2. General, universal principles superseded specific cases and specific conditions. 3. The search for abstract, general ideas usurped the increasing amounts of experience by individuals and particular instances. 4. The timeless replaced the timely.
  3. 6. The period from the beginning of recorded Western history until the scientific and industrial revolutions (17th and 18 centuries). During this time, the earth was considered the center of the universe.
  4. 8. Is the belief that ideas or findings are dependent upon (and therefore defined by) the operations used in arriving at them.
  5. 9. All learning can be explained by simple reflexes through association.
  6. 10. The period following the Pre-Modern era. This time has been referred to as the Dark Ages.
Down
  1. 1. An effort to establish meaning as the central concept of psychology. Its aim was to urge psychology to join forces with its related disciplines in the humanities and the social sciences.
  2. 2. The concept that a little change can make a large difference.
  3. 4. Attempts to predict and control behavior led to the management techniques in business.
  4. 7. A form of behaviorism that does not deny the usefulness of self-observation, but it explains the apparent world of consciousness, mind, or mental life as a reflection of physical, bodily structures. _________ behaviorism holds that people can be understood, and behavior predicted, by knowledge of their genetic and environmental histories.