KIS - Geography Glossary

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Across
  1. 2. A measure of how much a greenhouse gas is estimated to contribute to global warming over a specific time period compared to carbon dioxide.
  2. 5. The rechargeable component that supplies electric energy to an electric vehicle.
  3. 7. A change which is a result or consequence of an action or other cause.
  4. 9. A process where an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere from human activities causes Earth to heat up, as less re-radiated heat from solar radiation escapes into space.
  5. 10. A process where greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere trap re-radiated heat from solar radiation and keep Earth warm
  6. 12. The fossil fuel-powered engine that allows a traditional vehicle to move.
  7. 15. Frozen seawater that floats on the ocean surface, usually occurring within the Arctic Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and their adjacent seas.
  8. 17. An increase in the volume of water as a result of heating.
  9. 18. The process in which an economy grows or changes and becomes more advanced, especially when both economic and social conditions are improved.
  10. 20. The process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment.
  11. 22. A powerful low-pressure system with rotating, moist air, strong winds, and heavy rainfall, forming where sea temperature is over 27°C.
  12. 24. The average weather in a given area over a longer period of time. A description of a climate includes information on, e.g. the average temperature in different seasons, rainfall, and sunshine.
  13. 28. Processes and actions required for collecting, treating, recycling, and disposing of different waste materials in a way that minimises environmental and public health impacts.
  14. 33. The increase in average global temperature over the past century
  15. 36. A treaty (document) between different countries to form an alliance toward a common goal, ensuring that everyone is held to the decided standard.
  16. 37. Energy sources other than fossil fuels (e.g., solar, hydro, wind, nuclear)
  17. 40. To force (someone) to leave their home, typically because of war, persecution, or natural disaster.
  18. 41. The situation in which a person does not have access to sufficient, affordable, or healthy food to meet their basic needs for an active lifestyle.
  19. 42. The way a person or group of people live, including where they live, what they own, the kind of job they do, the activities they enjoy, how they spend their money and how they behave towards others and the environment.
  20. 44. The set of conditions in which living takes place. It is the complex system of physical, chemical and biological factors, of living and non-living elements and of the relationships in which all the organisms that inhabit the planet are immersed.
  21. 45. A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall in an area. It can last for days, weeks or even years.
  22. 51. Natural sources of energy that are replenished at a higher rate than they are consumed (e.g., sunlight and wind).
  23. 53. An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of global warming.
  24. 55. The process that implies the expulsion of the symbiotic algae that live in their tissue, causing them to turn white. The white colour indicates a situation of stress that, if prolonged, can lead to the death of the marine invertebrate.
  25. 56. A reversal of the prevailing winds in an area which can cause a change in in rainfall patterns
  26. 57. An extended period of hot weather compared to the expected conditions
Down
  1. 1. A person forced to leave their home due to the impacts of climate change.
  2. 3. The action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something.
  3. 4. Gases in Earth's atmosphere that trap heat by absorbing infrared radiation, and warm the planet (e.g., carbon dioxide and methane)
  4. 6. The process of frozen ocean water transitioning to liquid, caused by warming temperatures that increase heat absorption and disrupt polar ecosystems.
  5. 8. Any method that captures carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and stores it durably (e.g. Direct Air Capture, Afforestation, Carbon Farming, Forestry, etc.)
  6. 11. The increasing concentration of population in urban areas, causing city growth and expansion, driven by people moving from rural areas.
  7. 13. Resources whose replenishment period is longer than the human lifetime (e.g., coal, gas, oil, uranium).
  8. 14. Any barrier, dike, or sea wall built in the vicinity of the sea to prevent low-lying areas from flooding.
  9. 16. and Storage (CCS) The process of trapping carbon dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels or other chemical or biological processes and storing it in such a way that it is unable to affect the atmosphere
  10. 19. Changes in temperature and weather patterns over a long period of time.
  11. 20. Planting trees in an area that has not had tree cover recently.
  12. 21. Tiny particles including ash, sulphur dioxide, and water vapour that a volcano ejects into the atmosphere during an eruption.
  13. 23. Earth’s axis of rotation is tilted as it travels around the Sun; this is why Earth has seasons. Over the last million years, it has varied between 22.1 and 24.5 degrees with respect to Earth’s orbital plane. The greater Earth’s axial tilt angle, the more extreme our seasons are, as each hemisphere receives more solar radiation during its summer, when the hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, and less during winter, when it is tilted away.
  14. 25. It is the measure that determines how much the shape of Earth’s orbit departs from a perfect circle. These variations affect the distance between Earth and the Sun.
  15. 26. The degree of hotness or coldness of an object.
  16. 27. Treating everyone fairly in addressing climate change, considering past inequalities.
  17. 29. It ranges from emission of gases, non-explosive lava emissions, to extremely violent explosive bursts that may last many hours. It occurs when there is a sudden or continuing release of energy caused by near-surface or surface magma movement. The energy can be in the form of earthquakes, gas-emission at the surface, release of heat (geothermal activity), explosive release of gases (including steam with the interaction of magma and surface of ground water), and the non-explosive extrusion or intrusion of magma.
  18. 30. Measurement of how much water falls as rain in a specific period of time (e.g. day, week, month, year).
  19. 31. A short period of cold weather compared to the expected conditions.
  20. 32. The state of the Earth's atmosphere at a specific place and time, typically described in terms of temperature, humidity, cloud cover, etc.
  21. 34. An economic system of a country that reduces its greenhouse gas emissions to the point at which the gases released in the atmosphere are offset by the gases removed. This is achieved by reducing emissions and using carbon removal technologies/techniques.
  22. 35. An amount of something, especially a gas that harms the environment, that is sent out into the air.
  23. 37. Wobbling movement of the Earth on its rotational axis. It makes seasonal contrasts more extreme in one hemisphere and less extreme in the other, with an interval of 13000 years (more or less).
  24. 38. A short period of time between glacial periods, with warmer temperatures and sea levels similar to today.
  25. 39. Cooler parts of the Sun’s surface caused by massive changes in the Sun’s magnetic field. Historical records suggest that they affect the temperature on Earth.
  26. 43. A measure of the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere as a result of the activities of a particular individual, organisation, or community.
  27. 46. Tropical cyclone with sustained winds of 74 mph or higher, forming over tropical or subtropical waters.
  28. 47. A natural, non-renewable source of energy (e.g. coal, oil, gas), formed millions of years ago from the remains of living organisms.
  29. 48. The removal and destruction of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use.
  30. 49. An event, condition or situation that brings about an effect or a result.
  31. 50. An overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry.
  32. 52. Decrease in size, amount, or degree
  33. 54. A prolonged period of cold global temperatures, with large continental ice sheets over 2 km thick on North America, Scandinavia, and Scotland. Global temperatures drop as much as 5 degrees Celsius, greenhouse gases are significantly reduced, and sea level can be over 120 metres lower.