Language Revision

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Across
  1. 2. The sociolinguist who studied the "Martha's Vineyard" vowel shifts, demonstrating how people unconsciously adapt their accent to establish identity. (5)
  2. 4. A geographical boundary line on a map marking the limit of a specific linguistic feature. (8 letters)
  3. 6. The phonetic phenomenon in child speech where a child substitutes a difficult consonant sound for an easier one (e.g., wabbit for rabbit). (12 letters)
  4. 7. Language that assumes the male gender is the norm, rendering women invisible or secondary (e.g., mankind, chairman). (13 letters)
  5. 9. The sociolect/ethnolect that emerged in late 20th-century London, blending Cockney, Jamaican Patois, and South Asian influences. (Abbr., 3 letters)
  6. 13. The feminist linguist who argued in Language and Woman's Place (1975) that women are socialized to use language that reinforces a subordinate social status. (6 letters)
  7. 15. The stage of child language acquisition (approx. 18–24 months) where children start combining words. (8)
  8. 16. The linguistic concept where a word is modified by a suffix or prefix to indicate a non-standard gender (e.g., actress, female doctor). (6 letters)
  9. 19. A child's language error (e.g., runned, mans) that reveals they are applying regular grammatical rules to irregular forms. (16 letters, hyphenated)
  10. 20. Language choices that are perceived as having high social status, often associated with the ruling or educated classes. (7 letters)
  11. 21. The theorist who classified working-class speech as "restricted code" and middle-class speech as "elaborated code". (9 letters)
  12. 22. The Interactionist theorist who emphasized the importance of the Language Acquisition Support System (LASS) and scaffolding. (6 letters)
Down
  1. 1. The practice of alternating between two or more languages or language varieties within a single conversation. (13 letters)
  2. 3. The Nativist theorist who argued children possess an innate Language Acquisition Device (LAD). (7 letters)
  3. 5. The sociolinguist whose New York Department Store study showed a correlation between social class and the pronunciation of the post-vocalic /r/. (5 letters)
  4. 8. The linguistic term for a regional grammar and vocabulary (distinct from accent, which is just pronunciation). (7 letters)
  5. 10. Specialised or technical vocabulary used by an occupational group that can act as a gatekeeping device. (6 letters)
  6. 11. The process by which a speaker modifies their language code or style to become more similar to their interlocutor's behavior to gain approval. (12 letters)
  7. 12. Words or phrases that are soften or weaken the force of an utterance (e.g., perhaps, sort of), often cited in early genderlect studies. (6)
  8. 14. An individual's unique, personal way of speaking, influenced by their specific life experiences and background. (7 letters)
  9. 17. The researcher who proposed the "Difference" framework of genderlect, highlighting contrasting conversational goals like status vs. support. (6 letters)
  10. 18. A linguistic variety used by a specific socioeconomic class or social group rather than a geographic region. (9)