Learning Contract #4

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Across
  1. 3. An economic system that emerged around 600-500 B.C. with the introduction of coinage (such as the Athenian drachma), simplifying trade by assigning standard values to goods.
  2. 6. A naval alliance of Greek city-states founded by Athens in 478 B.C. to defend against Persia, which later turned into an Athenian empire.
  3. 9. The independent city-state of ancient Greece, which included a walled urban center, surrounding villages, and farmland. It was the fundamental political and social unit, fostering a strong sense of identity, community, and autonomy.
  4. 10. A form of government in which power is held by a few wealthy or powerful individuals.
  5. 11. A tight, tactical military formation of hoplite soldiers standing side-by-side, carrying shields for defense and long spears.
  6. 12. A piece of land surrounded by water on three sides
  7. 18. An economic system used in early Greece (before c. 600 B.C.) based on trading goods and services directly for other goods or services, rather than using currency.
  8. 19. A defensive coalition of Greek city-states led by Sparta, which played a major role in opposing the power of Athens.
Down
  1. 1. A large peninsula in southeastern Europe, extending southward into the Mediterranean Sea; it is the geographical region where mainland Greece is located.
  2. 2. The period following the death of Alexander the Great (323 B.C.) to the rise of Rome, characterized by the blending of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian cultures.
  3. 4. A conflict between opposing groups within the same city-state or between different Greek city-states (e.g., the Peloponnesian War).
  4. 5. A prominent Greek city-state known as the birthplace of democracy, which valued art, philosophy, and naval power.
  5. 7. A form of government ruled by a small group of noble, wealthy, land-owning families.
  6. 8. A period of unmatched prosperity, artistic creation, and political power, specifically referring to the "Age of Pericles" in Athens (5th Century B.C.).
  7. 12. A former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, dedicated to the goddess Athena, which serves as a prime example of Classical Greek architecture.
  8. 13. A "lover of wisdom," such as Socrates, Plato, or Aristotle, who used logic and reason to understand the nature of reality, morality, and politics.
  9. 14. An ancient kingdom located to the north of the Greek city-states, which under Philip II and Alexander the Great conquered Greece and expanded into a vast empire.
  10. 15. A system of government, pioneered in Athens, where power is vested in the people (citizens), allowing them to vote on and participate in making state decisions.
  11. 16. A form of government where power is held by a single person, usually a king who inherited their position.
  12. 17. A leader who seized power in an unconstitutional or illegal manner, often ruling with absolute authority and violence.