Learning & Development Review

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Across
  1. 3. A rat in a maze doesn't show any signs of learning the route until a food reward is introduced—then it immediately runs the correct path. This demonstrates ___ learning. (6 letters)
  2. 4. After watching her older brother get grounded for talking back to their parents, 8-year-old Lucia decides she will never speak to her parents that way. Lucia learned this through ___ reinforcement. (9 letters)
  3. 6. Children raised in isolation without language exposure during early childhood struggle to fully acquire language later, supporting the concept of a ___ period. (8 letters)
  4. 7. During adolescence, the brain eliminates unused neural connections to become more efficient. This process is called synaptic ___. (7 letters)
  5. 8. Baby Amara cries when her mother leaves the room but is easily comforted when she returns. According to Ainsworth, Amara displays ___. (16? letters)
  6. 9. Marcus's father helps him learn to ride a bike by first holding the seat, then just jogging alongside, then watching from a distance. This gradual reduction of support illustrates Vygotsky's concept of ___. (11 letters)
  7. 10. Four-year-old Timmy is shown a box of crayons that actually contains candles. When asked what his friend would think is inside, Timmy says "candles." Timmy has not yet developed a/n ___. (12? letters)
Down
  1. 1. A child who says "I goed to the store" instead of "I went to the store" is demonstrating ___ of grammatical rules. (17 letters)
  2. 2. Slot machines deliver rewards after an unpredictable number of pulls, which makes the behavior highly resistant to extinction. This is an example of a ___ ratio reinforcement schedule. (8 letters)
  3. 5. Researchers found that children who watched an adult aggressively hit a Bobo doll were more likely to imitate that behavior. This famous study demonstrated ___ learning. (13 letters)