Lecture 2 RNA

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Across
  1. 4. — My poly(A) version adds the long adenine tail rather than copying it from DNA.
  2. 6. — DNA’s less stable, usually single-stranded working copy where U takes T’s seat.
  3. 8. — A regulatory DNA sequence whose name suggests the gene should quiet down.
  4. 9. — Eric says I’m relaxed; adding acetyl groups helps loosen DNA from histones.
  5. 13. — Acetylating me on a histone tail makes things “not so positive.”
  6. 14. — Around 23 nucleotides in, RNA polymerase is much less likely to slip off the DNA.
  7. 16. — I bind regulatory DNA and help turn transcription upward.
  8. 21. — Complementary RNA can fold back on itself into this structure and help make polymerase pause during Rho-independent termination.
  9. 23. — If an activator is the gas pedal, I’m much closer to the brake.
  10. 24. — By changing which pieces stay and which leave, one gene can contribute to different final RNAs.
  11. 25. — A prokaryotic termination factor with an interest in C-rich RNA.
  12. 28. — I survive splicing and remain in the final RNA.
  13. 31. — The polymerase has reached the starting site and the RNA chain finally begins.
  14. 33. — I’m attached to the 5′ end through the unusual 5′-to-5′ triphosphate linkage.
  15. 34. — Shortly after initiation, the newborn 5′ end receives a special guanine-containing tag.
  16. 35. — Eight histones make up my core while DNA wraps around me.
  17. 36. — Everyone is getting into position, but RNA synthesis has not actually started yet.
  18. 37. — +1: the position where the first nucleotide of the RNA transcript is made.
  19. 38. — RNA polymerase ignores me, yet the RNA sequence looks almost exactly like mine except U replaces T.
Down
  1. 1. — After the transcript receives its processing and is ready to carry the protein-making message, Eric now calls it this.
  2. 2. — About 200 A’s are added to the 3′ end without being copied from the DNA template.
  3. 3. — The polymerase started, slipped off too soon, and left a short transcript behind.
  4. 5. — What Eric calls the short RNA products released when initiation fails.
  5. 7. — A repetitive core-promoter element sitting roughly 25 bases upstream of where transcription begins.
  6. 9. — I undo HAT’s work and encourage chromatin to tighten back up.
  7. 10. — Rho’s antibiotic enemy; inhibit the termination factor and bacterial transcription suffers.
  8. 11. — I may be far away in the sequence, but looping DNA can bring my influence close to the promoter.
  9. 12. — Thymine’s replacement once the message becomes RNA.
  10. 15. — Despite not being called “coding,” I’m the DNA strand RNA polymerase actually reads.
  11. 17. — My name gives away my favourite promoter sequence, and I can bend DNA when I bind it.
  12. 18. — A signal tells RNA polymerase that its transcript has reached the end.
  13. 19. — Keeping the 2′ OH makes me more reactive than my deoxy cousin.
  14. 20. — Positively charged protein that DNA’s negative backbone is rather attracted to.
  15. 22. — A region before the gene where the transcription machinery gets organized.
  16. 26. — Pronounced “T-F-two-D”; one of the first transcription-factor complexes to arrive at the core promoter.
  17. 27. — Promoter successfully escaped; now keep adding complementary bases to reach full transcript length.
  18. 29. — A temporarily unwound region of DNA that allows transcription to occur.
  19. 30. — My definition depends on my fate: if splicing removes me, this is what I am.
  20. 32. — The original DNA stays put while an RNA copy of its information is produced.