Environment

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Across
  1. 2. Waste materials from electronic goods or industries containing harmful substances that can damage the environment and health.
  2. 7. The process of cleaning wastewater before releasing it into the environment to prevent water pollution.
  3. 9. The process of converting waste materials into reusable products to reduce pollution and conserve resources.
  4. 10. The thinning of the ozone layer due to harmful chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), leading to increased UV radiation reaching Earth.
  5. 12. A simple example of a human-made ecosystem that can be made self-sustaining by balancing plants, animals, and decomposers.
  6. 14. The process of collecting, processing, and managing waste materials to reduce their impact on the environment.
  7. 15. Animals that feed only on plants. They form the primary consumer level in a food chain (e.g., deer, goat, rabbit).
  8. 16. The process by which harmful non-biodegradable chemicals (like pesticides and DDT) accumulate and increase in concentration at each trophic level.
  9. 19. Substances/Materials that can be broken down naturally by microorganisms into simpler harmless substances (e.g., paper, vegetable peels, wood).
  10. 20. Organisms that consume other living organisms for energy. They depend directly or indirectly on producers.
  11. 24. Man-made compounds once used in refrigerators and aerosol sprays that are responsible for ozone layer depletion.
  12. 25. Organisms that live on or inside another organism (the host) and derive food from it (e.g., lice, tapeworm).
  13. 26. Ecosystems that develop naturally without human interference, such as forests, ponds, lakes, and oceans.
  14. 28. Items/Products designed for single use, such as plastic cups or bags, which contribute to non-biodegradable waste accumulation.
  15. 29. Animals that eat both plants and animals (e.g., humans, bear).
  16. 31. Traditional earthen cups suggested as alternatives to plastic cups; however, large-scale use can cause loss of fertile topsoil.
  17. 32. The movement of energy through the ecosystem from producers to consumers to decomposers. It is always unidirectional (one-way).
  18. 33. Chemicals used to kill pests, which can enter food chains and cause biological magnification.
  19. 34. A system formed by the interaction between living organisms and their physical environment. Examples include forests, ponds, deserts, and crop fields.
  20. 35. Substances/Materials that cannot be decomposed by biological means and persist in the environment for long periods (e.g., plastics, metals, glass).
Down
  1. 1. Animals that feed on other animals. They may be secondary or tertiary consumers (e.g., lion, frog).
  2. 3. A sequence showing how energy and nutrients flow from one organism to another through feeding relationships. Example: grass → deer → tiger.
  3. 4. molecule composed of three oxygen atoms. It forms a protective layer in the upper atmosphere that shields the Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
  4. 5. The layer in the stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation, preventing damage to living organisms.
  5. 6. Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi that decompose dead organisms and waste materials into simpler inorganic substances, replenishing soil nutrients.
  6. 8. Green plants and certain bacteria that produce food using sunlight through photosynthesis. They form the base of the food chain.
  7. 11. The sum of all living and non-living factors that surround and affect an organism. It includes biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components.
  8. 13. Non-living factors of an ecosystem like air, water, soil, temperature, light, and minerals that influence living organisms.
  9. 17. Web A complex network of interconnected food chains that exist in an ecosystem, showing multiple feeding relationships.
  10. 18. Ecosystems created and maintained by humans, like aquariums, crop fields, or gardens.
  11. 21. The gradual increase in Earth’s average temperature due to excess greenhouse gases; indirectly linked to ecosystem imbalance.
  12. 22. The living parts of an ecosystem such as plants, animals, and microorganisms. They depend on each other for food and energy.
  13. 23. A method of recycling biodegradable waste into organic manure through microbial decomposition.
  14. 25. An eco-friendlier alternative to plastic and clay cups, as they are biodegradable and less harmful to the environment.
  15. 27. Level Each step in a food chain representing a feeding level in the transfer of energy and matter.
  16. 30. Development using resources in a way that meets current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs.