marine biology

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Across
  1. 4. a transient organ formed by the intimate apposition or fusion of fetal (embryonic) membranes and maternal (or paternal) tissues, functioning primarily for physiological exchange.
  2. 5. an organism that generates its own body heat internally through high metabolic activity rather than relying on the surrounding water temperature.
  3. 7. an animal that lacks a backbone or spinal column, comprising over 90% of all animal species
  4. 10. the free-swimming, umbrella- or bell-shaped gelatinous life stage of cnidarians, commonly known as jellyfish
  5. 13. a flexible, internal organ located in the dorsal body cavity of most bony fish, filled with oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide.
  6. 14. a specialized, shelled reproductive structure containing specialized membranes—the amnion, chorion, and allantois—that protect and hydrate the embryo.
  7. 15. an animal belonging to the subphylum Vertebrata (phylum Chordata) characterized by possessing a backbone or spinal column that protects the spinal cord, along with an internal skeleton (endoskeleton) and a skull.
  8. 16. animals that rely primarily on external environmental heat sources (the water) to regulate their body temperature
  9. 18. an internal structural framework—composed of bone, cartilage, or mineralized plates—located inside the body, covered by soft tissues.
  10. 20. where organisms, primarily crustaceans like crabs, lobsters, and shrimps, shed their rigid exoskeleton to allow for growth and development
  11. 21. the lack of equivalence, equivalence, or balance between two or more parts, where sides do not mirror each other
Down
  1. 1. an abnormal growth of tissue that protrudes from a mucous membrane, commonly found in the colon, stomach, uterus, nose, or vocal cords
  2. 2. a unique, hydraulic network of fluid-filled canals and tube feet exclusive to echinoderms
  3. 3. an organism, such as a plant or invertebrate animal, that possesses both male and female reproductive organs, allowing it to produce both eggs and sperm
  4. 6. a strong, flexible, and resilient connective tissue that serves as a vital structural component in animals, providing support, protecting joints, and reducing friction between bones.
  5. 8. the arrangement of body parts around a central axis, where the organism or object can be divided into similar halves by multiple planes passing through the center.
  6. 9. a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops as an outgrowth (bud) from a parent, eventually separating into a new individual
  7. 11. a rigid, protective external skeleton, often composed of chitin or calcium carbonate, that supports, protects, and enables movement for invertebrates like crabs, lobsters, and mollusks.
  8. 12. where an animal can be divided into identical left and right mirror images along a single, central plane, usually from head to tail.
  9. 17. the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water, including the sediment surface and sub-surface layers.
  10. 19. specialized, milk-producing organs found in female marine mammals (cetaceans, pinnipeds, sirenians) used to nourish their young.