Marine Botany 2023

3. Benthic fauna living on the substrate (suchas hard sea floor) or on other organisms
5. The calcified zygotes of charophycean green algae; includes those occurring in the fossil record and those in modern sediments
6. A polysaccharide found in the cells walls of brown algae consisting of mannuronic + guluronic acid
10. To divide or fork into two branches
13. Protective compound found on the sheaths of filamentous cyanobacteria
14. A community of algae, cyanobacteria, lichens, bacteria, fungi, archaea, and many other species that live within the crust of the Earth.
17. Floating algae that have become detached from substrates where they were attached as periphyton
19. A fibrillar polysaccharide wall component in, for example, Caulerpales (Ulvophyceae), which yields xylose on hydrolysis
20. Algae that survive from condensation that forms under rocks in the desert

1. Cavity in which eggs and/or sperm are produced
2. Nipple-shaped
4. Developing in an unusual position (referring to branches)
7. A structure that is violently and explosively discharged from a cell, usually as a defense mechanism
8. The uncalcified, flexible regions occurring as joints between calcified, non-flexible regions of the thalli of jointed coralline red algae and some ulvophycean green algae
9. Forked and incurved, pincerlike
11. Specialized asexual cyanobacteria cells that develop from actively growing cells when environmental signals indicate impending conditions unsuitable for growth.
12. Organisms that spend most of their life cycle attached to the surface of another organism.
15. Living inside fissures, crevasses, and cavities inside rocks. Chasmoliths are particularly common in cold desert such as the dry valleys of Antarctica.
16. Carotenoid pigments that contain oxygen
18. In some red algae, a raised wart-like structure on the body surface that contains reproductive structures.