Mass Spectrometry

5. A fundamental parameter in mass spectrometry, used to identify and analyze ions based on their unique mass and charge characteristics
7. The presence of different forms of a protein within a sample.
9. A soft ionization technique that uses a laser-absorbing matrix to ionize large molecules with minimal fragmentation.
10. A soft ionization technique that produces ions by applying a high voltage to a liquid to create an aerosol.
11. Formed by four parallel cylindrical metallic rods carrying electrical currents in a vacuum. Two diagonally opposite rods exert a direct current, whilst the other rod pair exerts an opposite high-frequency alternating current
12. A multiple stages of mass analysis with fragmentation steps in between. This technique is used to break down selected ions into fragments, providing detailed structural information about the molecules

1. A technique that imparts lower energy, resulting in minimal fragmentation. This is useful for analyzing large, fragile molecules like proteins and peptides
2. Represents the distribution of ion charges detected. It provides information about the ionization state of the molecules and helps in understanding the molecular structure
3. A graphical representation of the isotopic composition of a sample
4. A technique that imparts high energy to the sample, causing extensive fragmentation of the molecules.
6. The covalent alteration of a protein after its synthesis. Might affecting the protein's function, stability, and localization
8. A technique that separates and identifies ionized molecules in the gas phase based on their mobility in a carrier gas.
12. A technique that measures the time it takes for ions to travel through a flight tube to the detector.