Math Vocab

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Across
  1. 4. the part of mathematics concerned with the size, shape and relative position of figures, or the study of lines, angles, shapes and their properties
  2. 5. a number that will divide into another number exactly, e.g. the factors of 10 are 1, 2 and 5
  3. 8. a step by step procedure by which an operation can be carried out
  4. 9. a line on which all points correspond to real numbers (a simple number line may only mark integers, but in theory all real numbers to +/- infinity can be shown on a number line)
  5. 12. a real number which expresses fractions on the base 10 standard numbering system using place value, e.g. 37⁄100 = 0.37
  6. 13. the number of unique digits (including zero) that a positional numeral system uses to represent numbers, e.g. base 10 (decimal) uses 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 in each place value position; base 2 (binary) uses just 0 and 1; base 60 (sexagesimal, as used in ancient Mesopotamia) uses all the numbers from 0 to 59; etc
  7. 14. a branch of mathematics involving derivatives and integrals, used to study motion and changing values
  8. 16. whole numbers, both positive (natural numbers) and negative, including zero
  9. 19. the ratio of two quantities (equivalent to approximately 1 : 1.6180339887) where the ratio of the sum of the quantities to the larger quantity equals the ratio of the larger quantity to the smaller one, usually denoted by the Greek letter phi φ (phi)
  10. 20. the ordered pair that gives the location or position of a point on a coordinate plane, determined by the point’s distance from the x and y axes, e.g. (2, 3.7) or (-5, 4)
  11. 21. the operation in calculus (inverse to the operation of integration) of finding the derivative of a function or equation
  12. 22. a relation or correspondence between two sets in which one element of the second (codomain or range) set ƒ(x) is assigned to each element of the first (domain) set x, e.g. ƒ(x) = x2 or y = x2 assigns a value to ƒ(x) or y based on the square of each value of x
Down
  1. 1. the set of positive integers (regular whole counting numbers), sometimes including zero
  2. 2. numbers any integer, ration or real number which is less than 0, e.g. -743, -1.4, -√5 (but not √-1, which is an imaginary or complex number)
  3. 3. a way of writing rational numbers (numbers that are not whole numbers), also used to represent ratios or division, in the form of a numerator over a denominator, e.g. 3⁄5 (a unit fraction is a fraction whose numerator is 1)
  4. 6. the factors of the terms (i.e. the numbers in front of the letters) in a mathematical expression or equation, e.g. in the expression 4x + 5y2 + 3z, the coefficients for x, y2 and z are 4, 5 and 3 respectively
  5. 7. an algebraic equation in which each term is either a constant or the product of a constant and the first power of a single variable, and whose graph is therefore a straight line, e.g. y = 4, y = 5x + 3
  6. 8. a branch of mathematics that uses symbols or letters to represent variables, values or numbers, which can then be used to express operations and relationships and to solve equations
  7. 10. a rule or equation describing the relationship of two or more variables or quantities, e.g. A = πr2
  8. 11. in geometry, a one-dimensional figure following a continuous straight path joining two or more points, whether infinite in both directions or just a line segment bounded by two distinct end points
  9. 14. a measure of relationship between two variables or sets of data, a positive correlation coefficient indicating that one variable tends to increase or decrease as the other does, and a negative correlation coefficient indicating that one variable tends to increase as the other decreases and vice versa
  10. 15. a measure of how a function or curve changes as its input changes, i.e. the best linear approximation of the function at a particular input value, as represented by the slope of the tangent line to the graph of the function at that point, found by the operation of differentiation
  11. 16. a quantity or set of numbers without bound, limit or end, whether countably infinite like the set of integers, or uncountably infinite like the set of real numbers (represented by the symbol ∞)
  12. 17. value the amount predicted to be gained, using the calculation for average expected payoff, which can be calculated as the integral of a random variable with respect to its probability measure (the expected value may not actually be the most probable value and may not even exist, e.g. 2.5 children)
  13. 18. the part of mathematics that studies quantity, especially as the result of combining numbers (as opposed to variables) using the traditional operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division (the more advanced manipulation of numbers is usually known as number theory)