Medical Biochemistry II Exam 1 Summer 2019

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Across
  1. 3. This enzyme catalyzes the 2nd priming phosphorylation reaction and the first committed step of glycolysis
  2. 5. This functional group is produced during the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate and reduction of NADP+
  3. 11. This enzyme catalyzes the 2nd production of ATP in glycolysis
  4. 12. This molecule formed by an isomerase reaction that completes the preparatory phase of glycolysis (use abbreviation)
  5. 13. This vitamin and prosthetic group is a CO2 carrier
  6. 15. This molecule is produced in the nonoxidative phase from ribose-5-phosphate (use abbreviation)
  7. 17. This enzyme produces FADH2 in the citric acid cycle and also as Complex II in the electron transport chain
  8. 19. The second reaction in the citric acid cycle is an example of this type of chemical transformation
  9. 20. This prosthetic group, cofactor is regenerated while producing NADH in the final steps pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
  10. 21. This metal atom is found in the active site of aconitase that facilitates the removal of water from citrate
  11. 23. This molecule is produced in the pentose phosphate pathway that can be used for nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis
  12. 25. This is the number NADH that are produced during one full turn of the citric acid cycle
  13. 30. The pentose phosphate pathway is mainly needed to provide reducing equivalents in the form of ________ for reductive biosynthesis
  14. 31. Regulation of metabolic pathways that are involved in energy generation are governed by the ______ energy charge
  15. 32. Isocitrate dehydrogenase releases this molecule from isocitrate
  16. 35. This ring system can be produced from Succinyl-CoA, the iron coordinating ring systems found in the cytochromes in the electron transport chain
  17. 36. This enzyme catalyzes the gluconeogenesis reaction that is coordinated with PFK1 and produces fructose-6-phosphate
  18. 37. This enzyme in the citric acid cycle is controlled by citrate levels (use abbreviation)
  19. 39. NADPH is produced in the pentose phosphate pathway in this phase of the PPP
  20. 40. This enzyme catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate (use abbreviation)
  21. 43. This organelle is not permeable to oxaloacetate which requires conversion to malate before being transported to the cytosol
  22. 48. This is the number ATP that are used in the production of glucose in the body
  23. 49. High concentrations of Acetyl-CoA activates this enzyme to stimulate gluconeogeneis
  24. 50. This molecule is a co-substrate of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (use as one word)
  25. 51. This molecule is the substrate of fumarase enzyme in the citric acid cycle
  26. 52. Synthesis reactions are types of ______ in metabolism
  27. 53. This enzyme reoxidizes NADH so that glycolysis can continue while also producing lactate (use abbreviation)
Down
  1. 1. This molecule is used in the phosphoryl group transfer in the gluconeogenesis step catalyzed by PEPCK
  2. 2. This enzyme catalyzes the production of glucose in the last step in gluconeogenesis
  3. 4. NADH and Acetyl-CoA can inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase which is an example of this type of inhibition mechanism
  4. 6. This glycolytic intermediate allosterically activates pyruvate kinase to increase flow through glycolysis (use abbreviation)
  5. 7. This molecule inhibits pyruvate kinase
  6. 8. This cycle in the body is where lactate is produced in the muscles and released to the liver where it is used to produce glucose so that it can be used in the muscles again
  7. 9. This class of enzymes catalyzes the migration of functional groups
  8. 10. This class of enzymes transfer phosphate groups between ATP and various substrates
  9. 12. This is the term for the synthesis of new glucose in the body
  10. 14. Pyruvate dehydrogenase in _______ when it becomes phosphorylated
  11. 16. Hexokinase is activated high concentrations of ______
  12. 18. This electron carrier is produced during the last oxidative decarboxylation in the citric acid cycle catalyzed by alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
  13. 22. This molecule is produced from L-malate catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase
  14. 24. This enzyme catalyzes the first irreversible step in glycolysis
  15. 26. Chemical reactions in metabolic pathways must be ______ in the direction in which it proceeds
  16. 27. This is the number of ATP that are produced during gluconeogenesis
  17. 28. This cation plays a crucial in step 1 of glycolysis and the phosphorylation of glucose
  18. 29. This molecule is not a glycolytic intermediate by a key regulator of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
  19. 33. This high energy phosphate compound is formed to be a better phosphate donor to generate ATP in the last step in glycolysis (use abbreviation)
  20. 34. This molecule is an inhibitor and negative allosteric regulator of the citric acid cycle
  21. 38. A dehydration reaction removes this molecule in the chemical transformation
  22. 40. This enzyme catalyzes the 1st production of ATP in glycolysis; _________ kinase
  23. 41. This enzyme produces GTP via substrate-level phosphorylation in the citric acid cycle; Succinyl-CoA __________
  24. 42. This molecule in the citric acid cycle is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols
  25. 44. These enzymes use NAD+ as the redox cofactor in the chemical transformation
  26. 45. This thioester is produced by the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (use as one word)
  27. 46. This enzyme catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate
  28. 47. This hormone activates glucose-6-phosphatase
  29. 50. This atom is a positive allosteric activator of several enzymes in the citric acid cycle