Medieval Societies Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 2. Land plowed and left unseeded for a season or more; uncultivated.
  2. 7. The group of people who have been ordained for religious service.
  3. 9. A person who receives land and protection from a feudal lord in return for loyalty to that lord.
  4. 11. A line of military leaders who ruled Japan under the nominal leadership of the Emperor until 1868.
  5. 13. The male leader of a family or tribe; in the Byzantine Empire, the bishop of Constantinople.
  6. 15. A work of art or literature from ancient Greece or Rome; something considered to be of the highest rank or excellence.
  7. 18. A child dedicated to the monastery.
  8. 19. An association of tradespeople made up of merchants, craftspeople, or artisans.
  9. 20. An institution of higher learning with teaching and research facilities as well as graduate and professional school.
  10. 24. the act that deprives someone of membership in the church.
  11. 28. In the Ancient Roman Empire, people living along the Empire's borders; a person considered by another group to have a primitive culture.
  12. 29. To regard as holy or as a saint.
  13. 32. Also called manorial system, seignorialism, or seignorial system, political, economic, and social system by which the peasants of medieval Europe were rendered dependent on their land and on their lord.
  14. 33. A wandering minstrel or singer.
  15. 34. A member of a religious community of men typically living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
  16. 37. A peasant; a member of the lowest feudal class, bound to the land and owned by a lord.
  17. 38. Any of the military expeditions undertaken by European Christians from 1100 to 1400 to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims.
  18. 39. The ability to read and write.
Down
  1. 1. An expression of public honour or respect; in feudalism, the ceremonial recognition of allegiance to a lord shown by a vassal.
  2. 3. A poor farmer of low social status.
  3. 4. A public meeting or assembly, especially a legislative assembly or a court of law. The Vikings used this for of government.
  4. 5. A material formerly or traditionally used in building walls, consisting of a network of interwoven sticks and twigs covered with mud or clay.
  5. 6. A tenth of one's income contributed voluntarily to a church.
  6. 8. The castle and estate of a feudal lord.
  7. 10. An adult member of a monastery who is training to become a monk.
  8. 12. A political and economic system in which large landholders or lords gave protection to people in return for their service.
  9. 14. A person who does not accept a particular faith, especially Christianity.
  10. 16. The feudal military aristocracy of Japan.
  11. 17. Qualities such as honour, courtesy, loyalty, and fair treatment of the weak, idealized by knights in the Middle Ages.
  12. 21. A separation or division into factions, especially a formal separation within a Christian church.
  13. 22. A place in which a community or religious people, particularly monks, live.
  14. 23. A punishment by which the faithful, remaining in communion with the church, are forbidden certain sacraments and prohibited from participation in certain sacred acts.
  15. 25. A feudal oath of loyalty sworn in exchange for and award of land.
  16. 26. A representation of some sacred personage, as Christ or a saint or angel, painted usually on a wood surface and venerated itself as sacred.
  17. 27. A group of people organized or classified by rank and authority.
  18. 30. A Japanese code of ethics involving courage, loyalty, and commitment to military life.
  19. 31. The deliverance of the soul from the penalties of sin.
  20. 35. An armed, mounted soldier of the feudal period who gives military service to a lord.
  21. 36. A large feudal estate.